{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412678931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321","title":"Multi-scale attention-enhanced deep learning approach for detecting seven trunk pests and diseases in Shanghai\u2019s urban plane trees","display_name":"Multi-scale attention-enhanced deep learning approach for detecting seven trunk pests and diseases in Shanghai\u2019s urban plane trees","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412678931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101146566","display_name":"Tianyang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9262-0935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University","Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628938","display_name":"Guohua Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8033-9378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guohua Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University","Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082148801","display_name":"Tianci Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianci Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University","Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xing Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University","Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611272","display_name":"Yanting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-3913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086678","display_name":"Shanghai Urban Construction Design and Research Institute (Group)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4qmx55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086678"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131507","display_name":"Shanghai Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbkt876","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131507"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137219","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Landscape Gardening","ror":"https://ror.org/042v7vy56","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137219"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","Shanghai Municipal Landscape Management and Guidance Station","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Municipal Landscape Management and Guidance Station","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101238421","display_name":"Ruiqing Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086678","display_name":"Shanghai Urban Construction Design and Research Institute (Group)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4qmx55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086678"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131507","display_name":"Shanghai Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbkt876","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131507"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137219","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Landscape Gardening","ror":"https://ror.org/042v7vy56","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137219"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","Shanghai Municipal Landscape Management and Guidance Station","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Municipal Landscape Management and Guidance Station","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053796294","display_name":"Benyao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086678","display_name":"Shanghai Urban Construction Design and Research Institute (Group)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4qmx55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086678"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131507","display_name":"Shanghai Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbkt876","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131507"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137219","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Landscape Gardening","ror":"https://ror.org/042v7vy56","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137219"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benyao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","Shanghai Municipal Landscape Management and Guidance Station","Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Municipal Landscape Management and Guidance Station","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Trees Ecological Application, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109539097","display_name":"Xia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3052-1259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University","Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053796294","https://openalex.org/A5100628938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086678","https://openalex.org/I4210131507","https://openalex.org/I4210137219","https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":1.1534,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77310157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13568","display_name":"Wood and Agarwood Research","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13568","display_name":"Wood and Agarwood Research","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14050","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9232000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6529361009597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5272917747497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trunk","display_name":"Trunk","score":0.522512674331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.5091478228569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5086784958839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","score":0.41676396131515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4087745249271393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37190955877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3363204002380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23885560035705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1862165927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.17643272876739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1132824718952179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6529361009597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5272917747497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193472","display_name":"Trunk","level":2,"score":0.522512674331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.5091478228569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5086784958839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41676396131515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4087745249271393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37190955877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3363204002380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23885560035705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1862165927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17643272876739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1132824718952179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1b12853fa0de466e9c99641b256787a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1b12853fa0de466e9c99641b256787a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2537321?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1310793612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6673240166","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412678931.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412678931.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009904944","https://openalex.org/W2106130024","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2122535459","https://openalex.org/W2123426076","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2544339223","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2758893285","https://openalex.org/W2766022176","https://openalex.org/W2903889209","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913809823","https://openalex.org/W2914821954","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964091144","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3035049382","https://openalex.org/W3038835693","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3122173535","https://openalex.org/W3126031428","https://openalex.org/W3158527823","https://openalex.org/W3166716987","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3194700752","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3211328899","https://openalex.org/W4281790833","https://openalex.org/W4289339185","https://openalex.org/W4299434671","https://openalex.org/W4312263613","https://openalex.org/W4318255578","https://openalex.org/W4327953212","https://openalex.org/W4385889681","https://openalex.org/W4386906292","https://openalex.org/W4387686424","https://openalex.org/W4389818047","https://openalex.org/W4391707459","https://openalex.org/W4393079766","https://openalex.org/W4395034277","https://openalex.org/W4396828760","https://openalex.org/W4398978139","https://openalex.org/W4400202619","https://openalex.org/W4407640170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2089273817","https://openalex.org/W2177468869","https://openalex.org/W2124028850","https://openalex.org/W2900715475","https://openalex.org/W1048093108","https://openalex.org/W4210701632","https://openalex.org/W4200280477","https://openalex.org/W2083435757","https://openalex.org/W2811383857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"street":[1],"trees,":[2],"particularly":[3],"plane":[4],"trees":[5],"in":[6,39,96,112],"Shanghai,":[7,89],"are":[8,23],"susceptible":[9],"to":[10,35,69,79,116],"pests":[11],"and":[12,18,25,41,73,108,131],"diseases":[13],"like":[14],"holes,":[15],"decay,":[16],"termite,":[17],"longicorn.":[19],"Traditional":[20],"manual":[21],"inspections":[22],"labor-intensive":[24],"error-prone.":[26],"This":[27,137],"study":[28],"introduces":[29],"an":[30],"enhanced":[31],"YOLOv8-based":[32],"detection":[33],"framework":[34],"address":[36],"multi-scale":[37,55],"variability":[38],"pest":[40],"disease":[42],"datasets.":[43],"Key":[44],"improvements":[45],"include":[46],"integrating":[47],"the":[48,59,75,90,117,140],"Selective":[49],"Kernel":[50],"Attention":[51],"(SKA)":[52],"mechanism":[53],"for":[54,143],"feature":[56],"enhancement,":[57],"augmenting":[58],"Spatial":[60],"Pyramid":[61],"Pooling":[62],"Fast":[63],"(SPPF)":[64],"module":[65],"with":[66,125],"average":[67],"pooling":[68],"preserve":[70],"subtle":[71],"details,":[72],"employing":[74],"WIoUv3":[76],"loss":[77],"function":[78],"improve":[80],"localization":[81],"accuracy.":[82],"Trained":[83],"on":[84],"3,983":[85],"annotated":[86],"samples":[87],"from":[88],"model":[91],"achieved":[92],"a":[93,101,109],"3.8%":[94],"increase":[95],"mean":[97],"Average":[98],"Precision":[99],"at":[100],"50%":[102],"Intersection":[103],"over":[104],"Union":[105],"threshold":[106],"(mAP50)":[107],"significant":[110],"reduction":[111],"missed":[113],"detections":[114],"compared":[115],"baseline":[118],"YOLOv8.":[119],"Robustness":[120],"was":[121],"validated":[122],"through":[123],"experiments":[124],"varied":[126],"parameters,":[127],"repeated":[128],"training":[129],"sessions,":[130],"stratified":[132],"sampling":[133],"addressing":[134],"class":[135],"imbalance.":[136],"research":[138],"demonstrates":[139],"model's":[141],"potential":[142],"intelligent,":[144],"automated":[145],"monitoring":[146],"of":[147],"urban":[148],"tree":[149],"health.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
