{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412358115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621","title":"Soil total nitrogen inversion and interpretability analysis using vis-NIR spectroscopy and transfer learning","display_name":"Soil total nitrogen inversion and interpretability analysis using vis-NIR spectroscopy and transfer learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412358115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108627472","display_name":"Ping He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4188-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146071755","display_name":"Kunming University","ror":"https://ror.org/035rhx828","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping He","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Kunming University","Kunming University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113940754","display_name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9095-243X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083378825","display_name":"Xingping Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-687X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingping Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kunming University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109448008","display_name":"Xiaohua Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154146","display_name":"Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04zgxt121","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154146"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Center Laboratory, Kunming, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Center Laboratory, Kunming, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059971547","display_name":"Zailin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4258-6268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089411","display_name":"Yunnan Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/009njsq50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zailin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey &amp; Evaluation, Kunming, China","Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey &amp; Evaluation, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113801172","display_name":"Zhongchang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-0542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongchang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112590245","display_name":"Xianfeng Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089411","display_name":"Yunnan Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/009njsq50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianfeng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey &amp; Evaluation, Kunming, China","Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey &amp; Evaluation, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112590245","https://openalex.org/A5113940754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799486974","https://openalex.org/I4210089411","https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19082924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8410981893539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5540835857391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"Nitrogen","score":0.5251467227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.49967479705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4300113022327423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4177218973636627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.40821364521980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37101954221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34998083114624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3389001190662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33135509490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.32319381833076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2659582793712616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.258232444524765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2363981008529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.220645010471344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.15812081098556519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8410981893539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5540835857391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.5251467227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.49967479705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4300113022327423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4177218973636627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.40821364521980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37101954221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34998083114624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3389001190662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33135509490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.32319381833076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2659582793712616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.258232444524765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2363981008529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.220645010471344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.15812081098556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5bf1d3de37e4d8dbda9755c768b5a99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5bf1d3de37e4d8dbda9755c768b5a99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2528621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180166045","https://openalex.org/W1973273412","https://openalex.org/W1986938560","https://openalex.org/W2012358846","https://openalex.org/W2016090370","https://openalex.org/W2052903566","https://openalex.org/W2060896115","https://openalex.org/W2073367262","https://openalex.org/W2115543162","https://openalex.org/W2162548097","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2196579671","https://openalex.org/W2464502523","https://openalex.org/W2555930296","https://openalex.org/W2598505938","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2768533279","https://openalex.org/W2884279087","https://openalex.org/W2891747104","https://openalex.org/W2901164490","https://openalex.org/W2908659686","https://openalex.org/W2924070184","https://openalex.org/W2951230751","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W3041133507","https://openalex.org/W3048476294","https://openalex.org/W3097251879","https://openalex.org/W3102889971","https://openalex.org/W3113186489","https://openalex.org/W3115642906","https://openalex.org/W3133977987","https://openalex.org/W3153100379","https://openalex.org/W3165967391","https://openalex.org/W3206005725","https://openalex.org/W3207444164","https://openalex.org/W3210816091","https://openalex.org/W4200575824","https://openalex.org/W4224536765","https://openalex.org/W4229011966","https://openalex.org/W4283025880","https://openalex.org/W4292266795","https://openalex.org/W4306682017","https://openalex.org/W4377148467","https://openalex.org/W4386263871","https://openalex.org/W4389113716","https://openalex.org/W4390045903","https://openalex.org/W4390848496","https://openalex.org/W4396738848","https://openalex.org/W4396943608","https://openalex.org/W4399367519","https://openalex.org/W4399691653","https://openalex.org/W4405894355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W2894289927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1,49],"of":[2,50,61,176],"Vis-NIR":[3,68,190],"Spectroscopy":[4],"for":[5,105,162,186],"soil":[6,32,63],"component":[7],"inversion":[8,97,188],"has":[9],"increased,":[10],"driven":[11],"by":[12],"its":[13],"advantages":[14],"in":[15,24,70,76,144],"non-destructive,":[16],"large-scale":[17],"monitoring.":[18],"However,":[19],"it":[20],"often":[21],"faces":[22],"challenges":[23,75],"model":[25,77,106,116],"generalization.":[26,78],"Transfer":[27],"learning,":[28,52],"leveraging":[29],"large":[30],"existing":[31],"sample":[33],"datasets,":[34,181],"is":[35,103],"considered":[36],"an":[37],"effective":[38],"solution":[39,185],"to":[40,57,92,132],"overcome":[41],"the":[42,48,54,59,114,126,135,168,174],"mentioned":[43],"limitations.":[44],"This":[45,171],"study":[46],"explores":[47],"transfer":[51,111,140,177],"utilizing":[53],"LUCAS":[55],"database,":[56],"improve":[58],"accuracy":[60],"estimating":[62],"total":[64],"nitrogen":[65],"(STN)":[66],"with":[67,113,122,139,167],"spectroscopy":[69],"Gejiu,":[71],"Yunnan,":[72],"China,":[73],"addressing":[74],"It":[79],"compares":[80],"spectral":[81],"preprocessing":[82],"methods":[83],"(logR,":[84],"SNV,":[85],"MSC)":[86],"and":[87,156],"models":[88,136],"(PLS,":[89],"RF,":[90],"ResNet)":[91],"assess":[93],"their":[94],"impact":[95],"on":[96,179],"performance.":[98],"SHapley":[99],"Additive":[100],"exPlanations":[101],"(SHAP)":[102],"employed":[104],"interpretability.":[107],"Results":[108],"show":[109],"that":[110],"learning":[112,141,178],"ResNet":[115,138],"significantly":[117],"enhances":[118],"STN":[119,187],"inversion,":[120],"particularly":[121],"MSC":[123],"preprocessing,":[124],"where":[125],"average":[127],"R2":[128],"improves":[129],"from":[130],"0.51":[131],"0.70.":[133],"Among":[134],"tested,":[137],"outperforms":[142],"others":[143],"accuracy.":[145],"SHAP":[146],"analysis":[147],"identifies":[148],"key":[149],"wavelengths":[150],"\u22122050,":[151],"2459,":[152],"2149,":[153],"2109,":[154],"2410,":[155],"1470":[157],"nm":[158],"\u2013":[159],"as":[160],"crucial":[161],"predicting":[163],"STN,":[164],"which":[165],"aligns":[166],"observed":[169],"correlations.":[170],"research":[172],"validates":[173],"effectiveness":[175],"small":[180],"offering":[182],"a":[183],"robust":[184],"using":[189],"spectroscopy.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
