{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411884031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613","title":"Unveiling the role of environmental variables in regulating surface water availability in the Three-River-Sources region, China","display_name":"Unveiling the role of environmental variables in regulating surface water availability in the Three-River-Sources region, China","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411884031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058881270","display_name":"Xuguang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-4228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163151501","display_name":"Hangzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/014v1mr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuguang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Normal University","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102854473","display_name":"Yan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8873-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163151501","display_name":"Hangzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/014v1mr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Normal University","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110555809","display_name":"Jianguang Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-1817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguang Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute","Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039964689","display_name":"Zaiying Ling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163151501","display_name":"Hangzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/014v1mr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaiying Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Normal University","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741974","display_name":"Guihua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-0123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128050","display_name":"Watershed","ror":"https://ror.org/02cfj6k65","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53592917","display_name":"Jiangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkgk822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guihua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Normal University","Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research","Ministry of Education","School of Geography and Environment"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53592917"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128050"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environment","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049917224","display_name":"Lisheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9283-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Normal University","School of Geography and Tourism"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088400278","display_name":"Jing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-9273"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning","Sun Yat-Sen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-Sen University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058881270","https://openalex.org/A5100741974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501","https://openalex.org/I4210128050","https://openalex.org/I53592917"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.6915,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71966504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.6123327612876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6082918643951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-water","display_name":"Surface water","score":0.4805162847042084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3458792567253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.3432998061180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.34298253059387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resource-management","display_name":"Water resource management","score":0.33376869559288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3329319953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection","display_name":"Environmental protection","score":0.32960981130599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3267562985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.14539918303489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.10160815715789795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6123327612876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6082918643951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.4805162847042084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3458792567253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3432998061180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.34298253059387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.33376869559288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3329319953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.32960981130599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3267562985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.14539918303489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.10160815715789795}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a923b727f46a4387916973ad25e50963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a923b727f46a4387916973ad25e50963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2523613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G49223357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42330108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5742221416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20224BAB203034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W774890308","https://openalex.org/W1937001546","https://openalex.org/W1970552960","https://openalex.org/W1979723077","https://openalex.org/W2019608942","https://openalex.org/W2020997422","https://openalex.org/W2030368343","https://openalex.org/W2038137144","https://openalex.org/W2039029454","https://openalex.org/W2100184191","https://openalex.org/W2108886061","https://openalex.org/W2148345493","https://openalex.org/W2158766150","https://openalex.org/W2165306075","https://openalex.org/W2169062602","https://openalex.org/W2417174564","https://openalex.org/W2566485270","https://openalex.org/W2566753411","https://openalex.org/W2588865615","https://openalex.org/W2622386751","https://openalex.org/W2793971504","https://openalex.org/W2888626335","https://openalex.org/W2897397556","https://openalex.org/W2907221996","https://openalex.org/W2912401481","https://openalex.org/W2913009402","https://openalex.org/W2948805387","https://openalex.org/W2971897573","https://openalex.org/W3002343708","https://openalex.org/W3024213409","https://openalex.org/W3025222955","https://openalex.org/W3036708439","https://openalex.org/W3097960097","https://openalex.org/W3109660658","https://openalex.org/W3129776522","https://openalex.org/W3132345518","https://openalex.org/W4206167704","https://openalex.org/W4206476672","https://openalex.org/W4210738575","https://openalex.org/W4212765201","https://openalex.org/W4224278819","https://openalex.org/W4224311858","https://openalex.org/W4226177087","https://openalex.org/W4230643155","https://openalex.org/W4290887970","https://openalex.org/W4298119256","https://openalex.org/W4312114415","https://openalex.org/W4322006946","https://openalex.org/W4366483347","https://openalex.org/W4380086917","https://openalex.org/W4387022668","https://openalex.org/W4387647692","https://openalex.org/W4388896028","https://openalex.org/W4390663057","https://openalex.org/W4392011234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361287335","https://openalex.org/W2061726399","https://openalex.org/W2512486155","https://openalex.org/W4224228571","https://openalex.org/W2225412583","https://openalex.org/W2759780417","https://openalex.org/W4239098138","https://openalex.org/W2033983146","https://openalex.org/W1755678363","https://openalex.org/W3199612295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,44,66,85,92,148],"projected":[2],"global":[3],"climate":[4],"change,":[5],"concerns":[6],"regarding":[7],"water":[8,150,176],"resource":[9],"availability":[10,177],"as":[11,28,128],"the":[12,23,35,45,53,61,72,93,101,107,129,175],"difference":[13],"between":[14],"precipitation":[15],"and":[16,68,87,161],"evapotranspiration":[17],"(P\u2013ET)":[18],"are":[19],"rising,":[20],"particularly":[21],"for":[22],"Three-River-Sources":[24],"(TRS)":[25],"region":[26,63,108],"known":[27],"Water":[29],"Tower":[30],"of":[31,57,106,170],"China.":[32],"However,":[33],"how":[34,171],"variability":[36,98,139],"in":[37,42,178],"surface":[38,58],"P\u2013ET":[39,59,97],"has":[40],"altered":[41],"response":[43],"environmental":[46,73,172],"changes":[47],"remains":[48],"unclear.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51],"examined":[52],"long-term":[54],"spatiotemporal":[55],"characteristics":[56],"across":[60],"TRS":[62],"from":[64,83,90],"1982":[65],"2018":[67],"its":[69],"relationship":[70],"with":[71,80],"factors.":[74],"Divergent":[75],"seasonal":[76],"dynamics":[77],"were":[78],"revealed,":[79],"wet":[81],"season":[82,89],"May":[84],"October":[86],"dry":[88],"November":[91],"subsequent":[94],"April.":[95],"Spatially,":[96],"decreased":[99],"along":[100],"southeast\u2013northwest":[102],"direction.":[103],"About":[104],"29.49%":[105],"showed":[109],"significant":[110],"increases":[111],"(p":[112,121],"<":[113,122],"0.05),":[114],"while":[115,133],"only":[116],"1.13%":[117],"experienced":[118],"severe":[119],"decreases":[120],"0.05).":[123],"Ridge":[124],"regression":[125],"identified":[126],"P":[127,145,160],"primary":[130],"wet-season":[131,149],"control,":[132],"solar":[134],"radiation":[135],"(Rs)":[136],"dominated":[137],"dry-season":[138,156],"alongside":[140],"soil":[141],"moisture":[142],"(SM).":[143],"Absolutely,":[144],"positively":[146],"contributed":[147],"availability,":[151],"whereas":[152],"Rs":[153],"exerted":[154],"negative":[155],"effects,":[157],"countered":[158],"by":[159],"SM.":[162],"All":[163],"these":[164],"findings":[165],"could":[166],"enhance":[167],"our":[168],"understanding":[169],"variables":[173],"affect":[174],"alpine":[179],"regions.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}