{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411145920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538","title":"Forward simulation of thin ice backscatter mechanism in the Bohai Sea region based on the MSIB and SMRT coupling model","display_name":"Forward simulation of thin ice backscatter mechanism in the Bohai Sea region based on the MSIB and SMRT coupling model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411145920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100775481","display_name":"Zhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-1606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265946","display_name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","ror":"https://ror.org/027n0k361","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605841","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-0640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265946","display_name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","ror":"https://ror.org/027n0k361","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049052278","display_name":"Lu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2508-6800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265946","display_name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","ror":"https://ror.org/027n0k361","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075682905","display_name":"Zihuan Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265946","display_name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","ror":"https://ror.org/027n0k361","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihuan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050715251","display_name":"Yujia Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-7316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265946","display_name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","ror":"https://ror.org/027n0k361","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China","College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452145","display_name":"Xiaoming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-0371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265946","display_name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","ror":"https://ror.org/027n0k361","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100452145","https://openalex.org/A5100605841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210096250","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038","https://openalex.org/I4405265946"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.6462,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61690647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6204165816307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.6076993346214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.537667989730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5171608328819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.4329449236392975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.3505901098251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.29656991362571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22988739609718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.20730528235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19841858744621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09552288055419922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6204165816307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.6076993346214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.537667989730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5171608328819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.4329449236392975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.3505901098251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.29656991362571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22988739609718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20730528235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19841858744621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09552288055419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3fb4602f98ec445e8993b96afff2ee9f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3fb4602f98ec445e8993b96afff2ee9f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2515538?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1344360090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2807000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411145920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411145920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W1499602468","https://openalex.org/W1534053224","https://openalex.org/W1589384858","https://openalex.org/W1655928191","https://openalex.org/W1661856146","https://openalex.org/W1972570553","https://openalex.org/W2003915992","https://openalex.org/W2007840461","https://openalex.org/W2043808529","https://openalex.org/W2049307092","https://openalex.org/W2075159742","https://openalex.org/W2092055157","https://openalex.org/W2116909095","https://openalex.org/W2137733796","https://openalex.org/W2141923192","https://openalex.org/W2150295396","https://openalex.org/W2167038679","https://openalex.org/W2221655256","https://openalex.org/W2317168051","https://openalex.org/W2404740839","https://openalex.org/W2529988386","https://openalex.org/W2564259610","https://openalex.org/W2785695140","https://openalex.org/W3012882190","https://openalex.org/W3116004890","https://openalex.org/W3126682752","https://openalex.org/W3129937346","https://openalex.org/W3193394724","https://openalex.org/W4288064518","https://openalex.org/W4289912339","https://openalex.org/W4309968140","https://openalex.org/W4313442713","https://openalex.org/W4385602842","https://openalex.org/W4392183124","https://openalex.org/W4402891740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382997850","https://openalex.org/W2390968135","https://openalex.org/W1984559991","https://openalex.org/W4409248163","https://openalex.org/W2382213751","https://openalex.org/W2351750670","https://openalex.org/W1597848696","https://openalex.org/W2354715126","https://openalex.org/W2388563748","https://openalex.org/W2375179084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"modeling":[1,25],"of":[2,70,131,147],"Synthetic":[3],"Aperture":[4],"Radar":[5],"(SAR)":[6],"backscattering":[7,36,84,116],"interactions":[8],"with":[9,56],"sea":[10,16,31,181,190],"ice":[11,17,32,72,90,182,191],"is":[12,117],"essential":[13],"for":[14,179,188],"advancing":[15],"remote":[18],"sensing.":[19],"However,":[20],"systematic":[21],"research":[22],"employing":[23],"forward":[24],"to":[26,86],"specifically":[27],"examine":[28],"how":[29,82],"different":[30],"physical":[33],"properties":[34],"influence":[35],"remains":[37],"limited.":[38],"This":[39,164],"study":[40,80],"introduces":[41],"the":[42,49,57,79,109,126,132,136,144,148,167],"MSIB-SMRT":[43,168],"model,":[44],"a":[45,176],"novel":[46],"framework":[47],"coupling":[48],"Snow":[50,59],"Microwave":[51,62],"Radiative":[52],"Transfer":[53],"(SMRT)":[54],"model":[55,169],"Multilayer":[58],"and":[60,97,114,152,157,174],"Ice":[61],"Backscatter":[63],"(MSIB)":[64],"model.":[65],"Utilizing":[66],"2024":[67],"field":[68],"measurements":[69],"thin":[71],"samples":[73],"from":[74],"China\u2019s":[75],"Bohai":[76],"Sea":[77],"region,":[78],"investigates":[81],"SAR":[83,172],"responds":[85],"factors":[87,159],"such":[88],"as":[89],"thickness,":[91,155],"salinity,":[92,153],"bubble":[93],"radius,":[94],"density,":[95,156],"temperature,":[96,151],"snow-ice":[98,133,149],"interface":[99,134],"roughness":[100],"under":[101],"varying":[102],"simulated":[103,115],"observation":[104],"scenarios.":[105],"Results":[106],"indicate":[107],"that":[108,125],"absolute":[110],"error":[111],"between":[112],"observed":[113],"less":[118],"than":[119],"3.63":[120],"dB.":[121],"The":[122],"findings":[123],"reveal":[124],"root":[127],"mean":[128],"square":[129],"height":[130],"exerts":[135],"most":[137],"significant":[138],"impact":[139],"on":[140],"backscattering,":[141],"followed":[142],"by":[143],"correlation":[145],"length":[146],"interface,":[150],"while":[154],"other":[158],"have":[160],"comparatively":[161],"weaker":[162],"effects.":[163],"work":[165],"validates":[166],"using":[170],"satellite":[171],"data":[173],"provides":[175],"reliable":[177],"approach":[178],"studying":[180],"backscatter":[183],"mechanisms,":[184],"offering":[185],"new":[186],"insights":[187],"future":[189],"parameter":[192],"retrieval.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}