{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410844942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814","title":"Winter wheat mapping using unbalanced multi-source remote sensing data","display_name":"Winter wheat mapping using unbalanced multi-source remote sensing data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410844942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034877464","display_name":"Haofei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0884-3793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haofei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027423835","display_name":"Xiaohui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7121-1591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066321568","display_name":"Mengjia Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-8647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjia Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113986097","display_name":"Haonan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3933-7171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinlan Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlan Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082859009","display_name":"Xijie Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9963-4422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xijie Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044795752","display_name":"Panle Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-8831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panle Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409856","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-3125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102930211","display_name":"Renyi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University","School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022800604","display_name":"Jiandong Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7673-2641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiandong Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University","School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027423835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":1.0501,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.765413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14157","display_name":"Environmental and Agricultural Sciences","score":0.9372000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6161658763885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5405775904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-source","display_name":"Data source","score":0.4890628755092621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.4516125023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35218721628189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2883577048778534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6161658763885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5405775904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983685735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227355","display_name":"Data source","level":2,"score":0.4890628755092621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.4516125023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35218721628189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2883577048778534}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d5de79149734976b7551bf55d9081e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d5de79149734976b7551bf55d9081e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2509814?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6287220522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"221100210600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6952143891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42371358","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410844942.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410844942.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2619577109","https://openalex.org/W2945776987","https://openalex.org/W2954994501","https://openalex.org/W2973353633","https://openalex.org/W2976120863","https://openalex.org/W3019301826","https://openalex.org/W3035286001","https://openalex.org/W3035805339","https://openalex.org/W3046918937","https://openalex.org/W3088611441","https://openalex.org/W3112010616","https://openalex.org/W3112929693","https://openalex.org/W3124164370","https://openalex.org/W3124539583","https://openalex.org/W3133368940","https://openalex.org/W3135196696","https://openalex.org/W3138000966","https://openalex.org/W3155649272","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3198115293","https://openalex.org/W3211858897","https://openalex.org/W4200550577","https://openalex.org/W4205970347","https://openalex.org/W4206909333","https://openalex.org/W4207042493","https://openalex.org/W4210692134","https://openalex.org/W4220917101","https://openalex.org/W4221117831","https://openalex.org/W4224885282","https://openalex.org/W4286373468","https://openalex.org/W4291221983","https://openalex.org/W4291653111","https://openalex.org/W4294215798","https://openalex.org/W4296776311","https://openalex.org/W4309769232","https://openalex.org/W4313244266","https://openalex.org/W4313419944","https://openalex.org/W4313639342","https://openalex.org/W4383337348","https://openalex.org/W4383989019","https://openalex.org/W4385497464","https://openalex.org/W4386390084","https://openalex.org/W4388100711","https://openalex.org/W4388440633","https://openalex.org/W4390618987","https://openalex.org/W4390717424","https://openalex.org/W4391468101","https://openalex.org/W4395021122","https://openalex.org/W4395451341","https://openalex.org/W4397001398","https://openalex.org/W4399915649","https://openalex.org/W4400894167","https://openalex.org/W4402399729","https://openalex.org/W4402842335","https://openalex.org/W4402976319","https://openalex.org/W4403482823","https://openalex.org/W4403565732","https://openalex.org/W4404278279","https://openalex.org/W4404517058","https://openalex.org/W4406611015"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2308616044","https://openalex.org/W1482410789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,92],"integration":[1],"of":[2,15,24,33,129,154,165],"optical":[3,40],"and":[4,20,108,117],"synthetic":[5],"aperture":[6],"radar":[7],"(SAR)":[8],"remote":[9,41],"sensing":[10,42],"images":[11],"enhances":[12,94],"the":[13,22,29,65,141,151,185],"acquisition":[14],"winter":[16,25,74,95,146,166],"wheat":[17,26,96,147],"planting":[18],"information":[19,47,72,104,120,164],"improves":[21],"accuracy":[23,98],"mapping.":[27],"However,":[28],"distinct":[30],"imaging":[31],"mechanisms":[32],"multi-source":[34,84,130,155,191],"sensors":[35],"present":[36],"challenges,":[37],"particularly":[38],"when":[39],"data":[43,53],"suffers":[44],"from":[45,121],"missing":[46],"due":[48],"to":[49,57,68,124],"atmospheric":[50],"conditions.":[51],"This":[52,158],"imbalance":[54],"can":[55],"lead":[56],"biased":[58],"optimization":[59,89],"during":[60],"joint":[61,87],"learning":[62],"processes,":[63],"hindering":[64],"network\u2019s":[66],"ability":[67],"capture":[69],"comprehensive":[70,152],"spatio-temporal":[71,85,102,111,131,138,156,162,192],"on":[73,180],"wheat.":[75],"To":[76],"address":[77],"this":[78,80],"issue,":[79],"study":[81],"introduces":[82],"a":[83],"feature":[86,103,163,193],"balanced":[88,106],"model":[90,93,188],"(MS-JBM).":[91],"mapping":[97],"by":[99],"extracting":[100],"complete":[101,136,161],"through":[105],"extraction":[107,194],"complementary":[109],"two-phase":[110],"features.":[112,132,157],"MS-JBM":[113,187],"initially":[114],"leverages":[115],"similar":[116],"stable":[118],"temporal":[119],"multiple":[122,172],"sources":[123],"obtain":[125],"an":[126],"unbiased":[127],"representation":[128],"Subsequently,":[133],"it":[134],"utilizes":[135],"SAR":[137],"features":[139],"as":[140],"primary":[142],"foundation":[143],"for":[144],"constructing":[145],"growth":[148],"knowledge,":[149],"guiding":[150],"interaction":[153,173],"process":[159,176],"yields":[160],"wheat,":[167],"with":[168],"semantic":[169],"consistency":[170],"across":[171],"rounds":[174],"ensuring":[175],"stability.":[177],"Comprehensive":[178],"evaluations":[179],"three":[181],"datasets":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"that":[184],"proposed":[186],"surpasses":[189],"existing":[190],"models.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}