{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408665282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584","title":"MFGaussian: multi-modal data fusion based 3D Gaussian splatting for accurate and robust scene representation","display_name":"MFGaussian: multi-modal data fusion based 3D Gaussian splatting for accurate and robust scene representation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408665282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101922567","display_name":"Ran Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004411873","display_name":"Liu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-9927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076153622","display_name":"Ruofei Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruofei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University","Ministry of Education"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102116771","display_name":"Zhanying Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanying Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Quick Sensing Technology Co., Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Quick Sensing Technology Co., Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085504164","display_name":"Mengbing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-1053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengbing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004735889","display_name":"Shuai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-6729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences (Beijing)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072591433","display_name":"Peng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-4647"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin General Aviation Vocational and Technical College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin General Aviation Vocational and Technical College","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076153622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":4.8306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93028647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.604209840297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5892781019210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.5106051564216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5039882063865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.47234976291656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4638075828552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4624690115451813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3530210256576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.34900280833244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12052348256111145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.604209840297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5892781019210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.5106051564216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5039882063865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.47234976291656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4638075828552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4624690115451813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3530210256576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34900280833244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12052348256111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a73e7e7cfd944b585a556d05d1e0e0d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a73e7e7cfd944b585a556d05d1e0e0d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2478584?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4469443707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A20568","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6323280418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408665282.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514151998","https://openalex.org/W1570384079","https://openalex.org/W1597120896","https://openalex.org/W1978338723","https://openalex.org/W2034392969","https://openalex.org/W2129404737","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2741885505","https://openalex.org/W2783879794","https://openalex.org/W2798548676","https://openalex.org/W2925148167","https://openalex.org/W2943054120","https://openalex.org/W2964288609","https://openalex.org/W3011537551","https://openalex.org/W3023742835","https://openalex.org/W3047146825","https://openalex.org/W3092948912","https://openalex.org/W3136327392","https://openalex.org/W3182056051","https://openalex.org/W3197224071","https://openalex.org/W3203597819","https://openalex.org/W3215769467","https://openalex.org/W4221142457","https://openalex.org/W4221151978","https://openalex.org/W4226042224","https://openalex.org/W4226213010","https://openalex.org/W4255272544","https://openalex.org/W4310895557","https://openalex.org/W4312325284","https://openalex.org/W4327486381","https://openalex.org/W4361229530","https://openalex.org/W4361231197","https://openalex.org/W4385318467","https://openalex.org/W4386879319","https://openalex.org/W4387074737","https://openalex.org/W4387635982","https://openalex.org/W4387725608","https://openalex.org/W4388962899","https://openalex.org/W4389073251","https://openalex.org/W4389217178","https://openalex.org/W4389217304","https://openalex.org/W4389325922","https://openalex.org/W4392271249","https://openalex.org/W4392677938","https://openalex.org/W4392737478","https://openalex.org/W4392737492","https://openalex.org/W4392873822","https://openalex.org/W4393026907","https://openalex.org/W4394974290","https://openalex.org/W4399574574","https://openalex.org/W4402776467","https://openalex.org/W4404525393","https://openalex.org/W4404624588","https://openalex.org/W6652231383","https://openalex.org/W6658825147","https://openalex.org/W6781421651","https://openalex.org/W6804611648","https://openalex.org/W6859189387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062195135","https://openalex.org/W2379392295","https://openalex.org/W3160965418","https://openalex.org/W613940353","https://openalex.org/W2320915480","https://openalex.org/W2099421762","https://openalex.org/W2362990116","https://openalex.org/W2381300099","https://openalex.org/W2530546662","https://openalex.org/W2795079307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"the":[2,68,71,92,117,123,143,147,152,159,194,210,213,228,239,279],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"traditional":[5,21,55],"three-dimensional":[6],"(3D)":[7],"reconstruction":[8,69],"techniques":[9],"are":[10,134],"still":[11,52],"insufficient":[12],"to":[13,15,20,67,98,114,226],"adapt":[14],"various":[16],"diverse":[17,217,251],"scenarios.":[18,73],"Compared":[19],"methods,":[22],"emerging":[23],"technologies":[24,51],"like":[25],"Neural":[26],"Radiance":[27],"Fields":[28],"(NeRF)":[29],"and":[30,42,57,60,102,120,172,187,219,238,246,267],"3D":[31,83,164],"Gaussian":[32],"Splatting":[33],"(3DGS)":[34],"for":[35,82],"novel":[36],"view":[37,214,257],"synthesis":[38,215],"offer":[39],"more":[40],"realistic":[41],"comprehensive":[43],"expression":[44],"capabilities.":[45],"However,":[46],"most":[47],"of":[48,122,130,248,281],"these":[49],"related":[50],"rely":[53],"on":[54,80,183,203,235],"methods":[56,263],"require":[58],"extensive":[59],"dense":[61,256],"input":[62,107],"views,":[63],"which":[64],"poses":[65],"challenges":[66],"in":[70,206,250,264],"real-world":[72],"We":[74],"propose":[75],"MFGaussian,":[76],"a":[77,127],"framework":[78],"based":[79],"3DGS":[81,249],"scene":[84,211],"representation":[85],"by":[86,136],"fusing":[87],"multi-modal":[88],"data":[89,180],"obtained":[90],"from":[91,185,216],"Mobile":[93],"laser":[94,160],"scanning":[95],"system":[96],"(MLS)":[97],"achieve":[99],"high":[100],"robustness":[101,247],"accuracy":[103],"even":[104],"with":[105,221],"limited":[106],"views.":[108,155],"MFGaussian":[109],"employs":[110],"stepwise":[111],"training":[112,132,154],"approach":[113],"independently":[115],"learn":[116],"global":[118],"information":[119],"details":[121],"scene.":[124],"During":[125],"pre-training,":[126],"substantial":[128],"number":[129],"virtual":[131],"views":[133],"generated":[135],"projecting":[137],"color":[138,230],"point":[139,161],"clouds,":[140],"thereby":[141],"enhancing":[142],"model's":[144],"robustness.":[145],"Subsequently,":[146],"model":[148,224],"is":[149],"fine-tuned":[150],"using":[151],"original":[153],"This":[156],"method":[157],"initializes":[158],"cloud":[162],"as":[163],"Gaussian,":[165],"obtains":[166],"camera":[167],"parameters":[168],"through":[169,193],"multi-sensor":[170],"calibration":[171],"subsequent":[173],"spherical":[174],"interpolation,":[175],"thus":[176],"obtaining":[177],"high-precision":[178],"initial":[179],"without":[181,253],"relying":[182],"Structure":[184],"Motion(SfM),":[186],"further":[188],"ensures":[189],"accurate":[190],"geometric":[191],"structure":[192],"partial":[195],"optimization.":[196],"Furthermore,":[197],"an":[198,222],"analysis":[199],"has":[200],"been":[201],"conducted":[202],"how":[204],"variations":[205],"lighting":[207],"brightness":[208],"within":[209],"affect":[212],"perspectives":[218],"positions,":[220],"appearance":[223],"incorporated":[225],"eliminate":[227],"resulting":[229],"ambiguity.":[231],"Our":[232,270],"method,":[233],"tested":[234],"our":[236],"dataset":[237],"ETH3D":[240],"stereo":[241],"benchmark,":[242],"demonstrates":[243],"enhanced":[244],"capability":[245],"scenarios":[252],"SfM":[254],"or":[255],"inputs.":[258],"It":[259],"outperforms":[260],"several":[261],"state-of-the-art":[262],"both":[265],"quantitative":[266],"qualitative":[268],"evaluations.":[269],"code":[271],"will":[272],"be":[273],"open":[274],"sourced":[275],"soon":[276],"later":[277],"after":[278],"publication":[280],"this":[282],"manuscript":[283],"(https://github.com/oucliuyang/MFGaussian).":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}