{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408029032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851","title":"Snow depth estimation in Northeast China based on space-borne scatterometer data and ML model with optimal features","display_name":"Snow depth estimation in Northeast China based on space-borne scatterometer data and ML model with optimal features","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408029032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037619143","display_name":"Wenfei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenfei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University","College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036910081","display_name":"Lingjia Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-2263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingjia Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University","College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725268","display_name":"Xiaofeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7302-8042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences","Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112491243","display_name":"Xintong Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136497","display_name":"Jilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzw7781","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University","College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136497","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036910081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210136497"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":1.8669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81330521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7991083264350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatterometer","display_name":"Scatterometer","score":0.7074605226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5799434185028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5581164956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5512045621871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5340626835823059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.519679605960846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.4064323604106903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.40582698583602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3974255919456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.36701634526252747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.36186277866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3504545986652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3186737895011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10581472516059875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7991083264350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776212561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905295","display_name":"Scatterometer","level":3,"score":0.7074605226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5799434185028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5581164956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5512045621871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5340626835823059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.519679605960846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.4064323604106903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.40582698583602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3974255919456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.36701634526252747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.36186277866363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3504545986652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3186737895011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10581472516059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45d48d33c2644c13bffec4d97586446b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45d48d33c2644c13bffec4d97586446b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2470851?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971093680","https://openalex.org/W2025891039","https://openalex.org/W2027421743","https://openalex.org/W2055588961","https://openalex.org/W2057745004","https://openalex.org/W2059287523","https://openalex.org/W2072598826","https://openalex.org/W2084241734","https://openalex.org/W2106485095","https://openalex.org/W2114664960","https://openalex.org/W2146096861","https://openalex.org/W2562776753","https://openalex.org/W2760883345","https://openalex.org/W2973027498","https://openalex.org/W2994799858","https://openalex.org/W2997047298","https://openalex.org/W3014054413","https://openalex.org/W3014474978","https://openalex.org/W3081369290","https://openalex.org/W3088162569","https://openalex.org/W3092952097","https://openalex.org/W3108520057","https://openalex.org/W3142244503","https://openalex.org/W4252356360","https://openalex.org/W4282594040","https://openalex.org/W4285794683","https://openalex.org/W4289527519","https://openalex.org/W4296949109","https://openalex.org/W4300685084","https://openalex.org/W4306399275","https://openalex.org/W4308067211","https://openalex.org/W4312920205","https://openalex.org/W4320919438","https://openalex.org/W4387676154","https://openalex.org/W4392979629","https://openalex.org/W4396650159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589762804","https://openalex.org/W2068845235","https://openalex.org/W2546488237","https://openalex.org/W3000499464","https://openalex.org/W2585691118","https://openalex.org/W2097761609","https://openalex.org/W2182015688","https://openalex.org/W1885310920","https://openalex.org/W2067079771","https://openalex.org/W2129260591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"snow":[1,194],"depth":[2],"(SD)":[3],"monitoring":[4,195],"is":[5,44],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,46,88,190],"water":[8],"resource":[9],"management,":[10],"weather":[11],"forecasting,":[12],"and":[13,50,80,86,139,176],"environmental":[14],"research.":[15],"Current":[16],"SD":[17,61,89,119,137,142,156,191],"estimation":[18,62,157,192],"methods":[19],"primarily":[20],"rely":[21],"on":[22,118],"passive":[23],"microwave":[24,34],"or":[25],"synthetic":[26],"aperture":[27],"radar":[28],"(SAR)":[29],"technologies.":[30],"As":[31],"an":[32,177],"active":[33],"sensor,":[35],"the":[36,110,114,129,135,140,144,148],"HaiYang-2B":[37],"(HY-2B)":[38],"spaceborne":[39,185],"scatterometer":[40,186],"with":[41,151],"a":[42,160],"Ku-band":[43],"used":[45],"wind":[47],"field":[48],"assessment":[49],"polar":[51],"sea":[52],"ice":[53],"detection.":[54],"This":[55,181],"study":[56,102,182],"explores":[57],"its":[58],"application":[59],"to":[60,127,134],"in":[63,100,193],"Northeast":[64],"China.":[65],"Multiple":[66],"machine":[67],"learning":[68],"(ML)":[69],"models,":[70],"including":[71],"support":[72],"vector":[73],"regression":[74],"(SVR),":[75],"k-nearest":[76],"neighbors":[77],"(KNN),":[78],"XGBoost,":[79],"random":[81],"forest":[82],"(RF),":[83],"were":[84,125],"deployed":[85],"contrasted":[87],"estimation.":[90,120],"The":[91],"multiple":[92],"correlation":[93],"coefficient":[94],"feature":[95,122],"selection":[96],"(MCCFS)":[97],"algorithm":[98],"proposed":[99],"this":[101],"can":[103],"effectively":[104],"eliminate":[105],"redundant":[106],"features":[107,111,153],"by":[108],"retaining":[109],"that":[112,184],"have":[113],"most":[115],"significant":[116],"impact":[117],"Furthermore,":[121],"ablation":[123],"experiments":[124],"conducted":[126],"obtain":[128],"optimal":[130,152],"features.":[131],"In":[132],"comparison":[133],"public":[136],"product":[138],"ground-based":[141],"measurements,":[143],"experimental":[145],"results":[146],"using":[147],"RF":[149],"model":[150],"demonstrate":[154],"superior":[155],"performance,":[158],"yielding":[159],"root":[161],"mean":[162,169],"square":[163],"error":[164,171],"(RMSE)":[165],"of":[166,173,179],"3.91":[167],"cm,":[168,175],"absolute":[170],"(MAE)":[172],"2.27":[174],"R2":[178],"0.80.":[180],"indicates":[183],"data":[187],"hold":[188],"promise":[189],"applications.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T06:11:07.267592","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}