{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406829943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386","title":"Location optimization of urban fire stations considering the variations in fire service demands: a bi-objective coverage model","display_name":"Location optimization of urban fire stations considering the variations in fire service demands: a bi-objective coverage model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406829943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777434","display_name":"Yulong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-8286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4750791","display_name":"Henan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq83d71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4750791"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan University","The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University","Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China","The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4750791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087541589","display_name":"Jing Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8677-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102474","display_name":"Urban Big Data Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/010e6zk56","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow","Urban Big Data Centre, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urban Big Data Centre, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102474","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456678","display_name":"Shaohua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6960-9179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences","Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036167473","display_name":"Zhizhu Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1137-7586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119042","display_name":"Gannan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jf7e446","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhizhu Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gannan Normal University","School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gannan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104244310","display_name":"Leying Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1869-9151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leying Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan University","Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090753505","display_name":"Guanpeng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0949-1304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4750791","display_name":"Henan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq83d71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4750791"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guanpeng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan University","The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University","The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China","Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4750791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090753505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330","https://openalex.org/I4750791"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":8.3564,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96698313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4851420819759369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.48354220390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4415081739425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.39462602138519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.33394619822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3298034965991974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2134304940700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17840474843978882}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4851420819759369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.48354220390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4415081739425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.39462602138519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.33394619822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3298034965991974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2134304940700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17840474843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:347503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/32841.html>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/347503/1/347503.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e35516a2a5d49e58f859c9655537cdb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e35516a2a5d49e58f859c9655537cdb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2454386?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2920316161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20YJC790017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4866213444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222300420131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8671145318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42401528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406829943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406829943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1896052597","https://openalex.org/W1975977285","https://openalex.org/W1990892834","https://openalex.org/W2041085006","https://openalex.org/W2055847938","https://openalex.org/W2094018522","https://openalex.org/W2094868816","https://openalex.org/W2102750402","https://openalex.org/W2145567131","https://openalex.org/W2151291836","https://openalex.org/W2364284947","https://openalex.org/W2616325256","https://openalex.org/W2791006548","https://openalex.org/W2898630711","https://openalex.org/W2945421769","https://openalex.org/W3023769922","https://openalex.org/W3087768846","https://openalex.org/W3092451516","https://openalex.org/W3152727812","https://openalex.org/W3191905869","https://openalex.org/W3196102939","https://openalex.org/W4254220436","https://openalex.org/W4319595217","https://openalex.org/W4383311306","https://openalex.org/W7052770870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W590383186","https://openalex.org/W3007404728","https://openalex.org/W1595912296","https://openalex.org/W2374021052","https://openalex.org/W567987265","https://openalex.org/W2110536732","https://openalex.org/W1596963112","https://openalex.org/W2308616044","https://openalex.org/W1482410789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fire":[0],"stations":[1,84],"serve":[2],"as":[3],"operational":[4],"hubs":[5],"for":[6,57,193],"firefighting":[7,20],"and":[8,21,93,150,156,163,188],"rescue":[9,22],"teams,":[10],"making":[11,42],"their":[12,65],"spatial":[13,126,158],"optimization":[14,127,148,159],"crucial":[15],"to":[16,77,106,123],"ensure":[17],"effective":[18,45,185],"urban":[19,82,135],"operations.":[23],"The":[24,101,167],"traditional":[25,89],"coverage":[26,40,74,91,99,162,191],"model":[27,76,92,120,173,179],"overlooks":[28],"the":[29,39,54,79,88,97,108,113,118,125,133,147,154,171,177,184,189],"difference":[30],"in":[31,132,180],"service":[32,186],"satisfaction":[33],"among":[34,60],"various":[35,61],"demand":[36,194],"areas":[37,62],"within":[38],"radius,":[41],"it":[43,95],"less":[44],"at":[46],"optimizing":[47],"fire":[48,58,68,83,129],"station":[49,130],"locations.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"examines":[53],"differing":[55],"demands":[56],"services":[59],"based":[63],"on":[64,146],"levels":[66],"of":[67,81,128,137,152,170,176,182],"risk.":[69],"We":[70],"propose":[71],"a":[72,141],"bi-objective":[73,157],"(BOC)":[75],"optimize":[78],"locations":[80,131],"by":[85],"improving":[86],"upon":[87],"maximum":[90],"integrating":[94],"with":[96],"set":[98],"model.":[100],"\u03f5-constraint":[102],"method":[103],"was":[104,121,144],"applied":[105,122],"solve":[107],"constructed":[109],"BOC":[110,119,155,172],"model,":[111],"obtaining":[112],"Pareto":[114],"optimal":[115],"frontier.":[116],"Then,":[117],"address":[124],"central":[134],"area":[136],"Zhengzhou":[138],"City.":[139],"Finally,":[140],"comparative":[142],"analysis":[143],"performed":[145],"outcomes":[149],"performance":[151],"both":[153,183],"(BSO)":[160],"(integrating":[161],"median":[164],"goals)":[165],"models.":[166],"computational":[168],"results":[169],"outperformed":[174],"those":[175],"BSO":[178],"terms":[181],"rate":[187,192],"multiple":[190],"areas.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}