{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399054152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119","title":"Monitoring spatio-temporal dynamics of multi-dimensional karst ecosystem quality in Southwest China by integrating multi-source data","display_name":"Monitoring spatio-temporal dynamics of multi-dimensional karst ecosystem quality in Southwest China by integrating multi-source data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399054152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102677434","display_name":"Weiling Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163151501","display_name":"Hangzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/014v1mr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiling Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102597944","display_name":"Yuan Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078464199","display_name":"Jiaguo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8617-3284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaguo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657593","display_name":"Hongsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-9442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People\u2019s Republic of China","Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085794086","display_name":"Zhi Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-2125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058881270","display_name":"Xuguang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-4228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163151501","display_name":"Hangzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/014v1mr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuguang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geosciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058881270","https://openalex.org/A5078464199","https://openalex.org/A5102597944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":2.1188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86550839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14468","display_name":"Plant Ecology and Soil Science","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karst","display_name":"Karst","score":0.7424590587615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5470470190048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.5092036128044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5078158974647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.44479602575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.435764342546463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36092185974121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3468962013721466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3414251208305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.3221151828765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09893858432769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.08799362182617188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182348080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16817","display_name":"Karst","level":2,"score":0.7424590587615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5470470190048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.5092036128044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5078158974647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.44479602575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.435764342546463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36092185974121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3468962013721466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3414251208305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3221151828765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09893858432769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08799362182617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0970023e08648f49c492d1eb41c4fe7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0970023e08648f49c492d1eb41c4fe7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 17, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/348292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/348292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2024.2356119?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2118936451","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c34\u4f53\u5149\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u8c10\u6ce2\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6e29\u6392\u6c34\u9065\u611f\u76d1\u6d4b\u57fa\u51c6\u6e29\u5ea6\u573a\u6784\u5efa\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399054152.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518113369","https://openalex.org/W2043273487","https://openalex.org/W2055740081","https://openalex.org/W2098020412","https://openalex.org/W2161783224","https://openalex.org/W2174670974","https://openalex.org/W2303933501","https://openalex.org/W2413660780","https://openalex.org/W2526748414","https://openalex.org/W2594661457","https://openalex.org/W2746485780","https://openalex.org/W2765354512","https://openalex.org/W2892256251","https://openalex.org/W2918496595","https://openalex.org/W2922939373","https://openalex.org/W3025937470","https://openalex.org/W3037304628","https://openalex.org/W3043890976","https://openalex.org/W3097822981","https://openalex.org/W3097960097","https://openalex.org/W3115029750","https://openalex.org/W3121058177","https://openalex.org/W3137258048","https://openalex.org/W3184049350","https://openalex.org/W3198614684","https://openalex.org/W3202334197","https://openalex.org/W4205874864","https://openalex.org/W4220698787","https://openalex.org/W4220761593","https://openalex.org/W4240101128","https://openalex.org/W4255982763","https://openalex.org/W4280643333","https://openalex.org/W4284962717","https://openalex.org/W4302283563","https://openalex.org/W4309445371","https://openalex.org/W4321172394","https://openalex.org/W4353070454","https://openalex.org/W4378575962","https://openalex.org/W4386542316","https://openalex.org/W4387022668","https://openalex.org/W4388896028","https://openalex.org/W4388976020","https://openalex.org/W4390663057","https://openalex.org/W4394992995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499541383","https://openalex.org/W2885263913","https://openalex.org/W2913278508","https://openalex.org/W2357848857","https://openalex.org/W2348500302","https://openalex.org/W2350995752","https://openalex.org/W2183320742","https://openalex.org/W2381856745","https://openalex.org/W3034795591","https://openalex.org/W2387040017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"thorough":[1],"assessment":[2],"of":[3,56,63,85,171,184],"the":[4,35,40,46,53,60,67,75,86,111,125,133,172,179,185,192,195],"karst":[5,61,87,173,186],"ecosystem":[6,27,36,41,47,57],"quality":[7,28,58],"plays":[8],"an":[9],"important":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,59,82,113,132,178,191],"regional":[13],"sustainable":[14],"development.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"study,":[18],"based":[19],"on":[20],"multi-source":[21],"remote":[22],"sensing":[23],"data,":[24],"a":[25,78,119,129],"comprehensive":[26,126],"index":[29,38,43,49],"(EQI)":[30],"was":[31],"developed":[32],"by":[33,152,166],"integrating":[34],"function":[37],"(EFI),":[39],"stability":[42],"(ESI),":[44],"and":[45,107,140],"stress":[48],"(ESSI),":[50],"to":[51,91,110,138,146],"evaluate":[52],"spatio-temporal":[54],"changes":[55],"region":[62],"Southwest":[64],"China":[65],"during":[66,194],"past":[68,196],"two":[69],"decades.":[70],"The":[71,93,115,148],"results":[72],"showed":[73],"that":[74],"EFI":[76],"exhibited":[77,188],"significant":[79,176],"increasing":[80,100,109],"trend":[81],"approximately":[83],"54.58%":[84],"area":[88,174,187],"from":[89,98,136,144],"2001":[90,137],"2020.":[92,114,147,167],"ESI":[94],"experienced":[95,128,175],"multiple":[96],"stages":[97],"initially":[99],"around":[101,105],"2005,":[102,158],"then":[103,141],"decreasing":[104],"2010,":[106,139],"finally":[108],"peak":[112],"ESSI":[116],"fluctuated":[117],"at":[118],"high":[120],"level":[121],"since":[122],"2001.":[123],"Overall,":[124],"EQI":[127,150,193],"gradual":[130],"improvement":[131,177],"initial":[134],"period":[135],"increased":[142],"significantly":[143],"2015":[145],"excellent":[149],"occupied":[151],"no":[153],"more":[154],"than":[155],"20%":[156],"before":[157],"but":[159],"expanded":[160],"sharply":[161],"with":[162],"about":[163],"three":[164],"times":[165],"Additionally,":[168],"nearly":[169],"16.73%":[170],"EQI,":[180],"whereas":[181],"only":[182],"0.28%":[183],"severe":[189],"degradation":[190],"20":[197],"years.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}