{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391569598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695","title":"A remote sensing index for the detection of multi-type water quality anomalies in complex geographical environments","display_name":"A remote sensing index for the detection of multi-type water quality anomalies in complex geographical environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391569598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007815397","display_name":"Haishuo Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-7771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haishuo Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063493372","display_name":"Kun Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-4243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042479133","display_name":"Qiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-0003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070484101","display_name":"Biao Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-8398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069389278","display_name":"Jianbo Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6601-7882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbo Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091906696","display_name":"Wenzhi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-2310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065395111","display_name":"Kai Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-1772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042479133","https://openalex.org/A5063493372"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":4.7198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95232742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.6064319610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.564365804195404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5253414511680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.47487542033195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3348808288574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3316340744495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10013523697853088}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6064319610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.564365804195404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5253414511680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.47487542033195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3348808288574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3316340744495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10013523697853088}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f25d2f47d15f4480be04a94d1dcae578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f25d2f47d15f4480be04a94d1dcae578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 17, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2024.2313695?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391569598.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1644784833","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1987167259","https://openalex.org/W2006929658","https://openalex.org/W2008051662","https://openalex.org/W2058630112","https://openalex.org/W2077788881","https://openalex.org/W2088943641","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2157812884","https://openalex.org/W2315230410","https://openalex.org/W2338369492","https://openalex.org/W2369196399","https://openalex.org/W2782879444","https://openalex.org/W2894558288","https://openalex.org/W2898245673","https://openalex.org/W2914757358","https://openalex.org/W2920254659","https://openalex.org/W2941704308","https://openalex.org/W2964721459","https://openalex.org/W2978015257","https://openalex.org/W2999536074","https://openalex.org/W3003923526","https://openalex.org/W3008052881","https://openalex.org/W3011027231","https://openalex.org/W3011335963","https://openalex.org/W3024307936","https://openalex.org/W3108018874","https://openalex.org/W3192393044","https://openalex.org/W3197984311","https://openalex.org/W3199674601","https://openalex.org/W3207200417","https://openalex.org/W4210244531","https://openalex.org/W4210892419","https://openalex.org/W4211230080","https://openalex.org/W4282980665","https://openalex.org/W4292940644","https://openalex.org/W4297996934","https://openalex.org/W4308929873","https://openalex.org/W4311774097","https://openalex.org/W4311824763","https://openalex.org/W4312871446","https://openalex.org/W4318263475","https://openalex.org/W4321368166","https://openalex.org/W4362524295","https://openalex.org/W4383570500","https://openalex.org/W4385221619","https://openalex.org/W4386262136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W2936184523","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W1983126463","https://openalex.org/W2308616044","https://openalex.org/W1482410789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequent":[0],"water":[1,41,50,59,63,77,106,139,153,164,179],"quality":[2,42,51,78,107,140,165,180],"anomalies":[3,52,79,108,141],"severely":[4],"affect":[5],"the":[6,10,85,102,115,127,134,160,175],"ecological":[7],"environment,":[8],"hindering":[9],"protection,":[11],"restoration,":[12],"and":[13,36,72,88,142],"sustainable":[14],"use":[15],"of":[16,39,49,75,91,104,137,162,177],"inland":[17],"freshwater":[18],"ecosystems":[19],"in":[20,62,80,109,147,169],"Sustainable":[21],"Development":[22],"Goals":[23],"(SDG)":[24],"15.1.":[25],"Thus,":[26],"there":[27],"is":[28],"an":[29],"urgent":[30],"need":[31],"to":[32,69,151,159],"conduct":[33],"real-time":[34,163],"monitoring":[35],"early":[37],"warnings":[38],"various":[40],"anomalies.":[43,154],"However,":[44],"current":[45],"remote":[46,98],"sensing":[47,99],"indices":[48],"are":[53],"aimed":[54],"at":[55],"only":[56],"one":[57],"specific":[58],"anomaly":[60,166,181],"event":[61],"regions,":[64],"which":[65,173],"makes":[66],"it":[67],"difficult":[68],"achieve":[70],"high-precision":[71],"on-orbit":[73,178],"detection":[74,103,136,167],"sudden":[76],"complex":[81,110,148,170],"geographical":[82,111,149,171],"environments":[83,112,150],"with":[84],"limited":[86],"storage":[87],"computing":[89],"resources":[90],"satellites.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"this":[94,156],"study":[95,157],"proposed":[96,128],"a":[97],"index":[100,129],"for":[101,133],"multi-type":[105],"by":[113],"analyzing":[114],"spectral":[116],"differences":[117],"between":[118],"different":[119],"earth\u2019s":[120],"surfaces.":[121],"The":[122],"validation":[123],"results":[124],"indicated":[125],"that":[126],"achieved":[130],"satisfactory":[131],"performance":[132],"synchronous":[135],"most":[138],"could":[143],"be":[144],"used":[145],"directly":[146],"detect":[152],"Overall,":[155],"contributes":[158],"realization":[161],"methods":[168],"environments,":[172],"increases":[174],"possibility":[176],"detection.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
