{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389868696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","title":"Vectorizing planar roof structure from very high resolution remote sensing images using transformers","display_name":"Vectorizing planar roof structure from very high resolution remote sensing images using transformers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389868696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036391537","display_name":"Wufan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0265-3465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wufan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth observation science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherland","Geomatics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth observation science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomatics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029035818","display_name":"Claudio Persello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-5398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Persello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth observation science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth observation science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026947952","display_name":"Xianwei Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["CN","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianwei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth observation science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherland","School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth observation science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082935691","display_name":"Alfred Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-1233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth observation science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth observation science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006850646","display_name":"Maarten Vergauwen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-9033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten Vergauwen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomatics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomatics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026947952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":3.1139,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92246449,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roof","display_name":"Roof","score":0.68128502368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.6487475633621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.6335329413414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6211168169975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5391045212745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49711325764656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4033869206905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36395615339279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35694101452827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3568924069404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.319088876247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21190392971038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10488992929458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.07333391904830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.06577044725418091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.68128502368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.6487475633621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.6335329413414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6211168169975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5391045212745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49711325764656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4033869206905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36395615339279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35694101452827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3568924069404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.319088876247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21190392971038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10488992929458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07333391904830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.06577044725418091}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/735074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/735074","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/2ed4d8fd-be4e-4c8a-a909-b9a135f44a94","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal Of Digital Earth, vol. 17 (1), (1-15)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/8bd417b4-926e-4a7c-b932-9d12a99757a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/8bd417b4-926e-4a7c-b932-9d12a99757a5","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/350434884/Vectorizing_planar_roof_structure_from_very_high_resolution_remote_sensing_images_using_transformers.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhao, W, Persello, C, Lv, X, Stein, A & Vergauwen, M 2024, 'Vectorizing planar roof structure from very high resolution remote sensing images using transformers', International journal of digital earth, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf8ee8b44aa945b2b69b20fcd28bf7f0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf8ee8b44aa945b2b69b20fcd28bf7f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/8bd417b4-926e-4a7c-b932-9d12a99757a5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/files/350434884/Vectorizing_planar_roof_structure_from_very_high_resolution_remote_sensing_images_using_transformers.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhao, W, Persello, C, Lv, X, Stein, A & Vergauwen, M 2024, 'Vectorizing planar roof structure from very high resolution remote sensing images using transformers', International journal of digital earth, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2292637?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389868696.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389868696.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005237498","https://openalex.org/W2009175062","https://openalex.org/W2107333657","https://openalex.org/W2160072137","https://openalex.org/W2312126347","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2962717701","https://openalex.org/W2962891704","https://openalex.org/W2981415272","https://openalex.org/W2990979713","https://openalex.org/W3034616321","https://openalex.org/W3035228270","https://openalex.org/W3092462694","https://openalex.org/W3096168491","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3107016113","https://openalex.org/W3109475013","https://openalex.org/W3137744231","https://openalex.org/W3186564193","https://openalex.org/W3203915126","https://openalex.org/W3206508052","https://openalex.org/W3207788256","https://openalex.org/W3215313116","https://openalex.org/W4214838624","https://openalex.org/W4221107766","https://openalex.org/W4312984783","https://openalex.org/W4313552041","https://openalex.org/W4317038552","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4390889799","https://openalex.org/W4399526075","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367823038","https://openalex.org/W2073597385","https://openalex.org/W2710342215","https://openalex.org/W4248012965","https://openalex.org/W2380471601","https://openalex.org/W1539309609","https://openalex.org/W3127330348","https://openalex.org/W138126719","https://openalex.org/W2366777762","https://openalex.org/W2389486868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurately":[0],"predicting":[1],"the":[2,77,83,116,133,139],"geometric":[3],"structure":[4],"of":[5,138],"a":[6,10,14,18,39],"building's":[7],"roof":[8,140],"as":[9],"vectorized":[11],"representation":[12],"from":[13,94,101],"raster":[15],"image":[16,129],"is":[17],"challenging":[19],"task":[20],"in":[21,126],"building":[22,80],"reconstruction.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27],"propose":[28],"an":[29,59],"efficient":[30],"and":[31,50,64,68,82,88,100,135],"precise":[32],"parsing":[33],"method":[34,43,72,110],"called":[35],"Roof-Former,":[36],"based":[37,119],"on":[38,76,120],"vision":[40],"Transformer.":[41],"Our":[42,71],"involves":[44],"three":[45],"steps:":[46],"(1)":[47],"Image":[48,55],"encoder":[49],"edge":[51,89],"node":[52],"initialization,":[53],"(2)":[54],"feature":[56],"fusion":[57],"with":[58,86],"enhanced":[60],"segmentation":[61],"refinement":[62],"branch,":[63],"(3)":[65],"Edge":[66],"filtering":[67],"structural":[69],"reasoning.":[70],"outperforms":[73],"previous":[74],"works":[75],"vectorizing":[78],"world":[79],"dataset":[81],"Enschede":[84],"dataset,":[85],"vertex":[87],"heat":[90],"map":[91],"F1-scores":[92],"increasing":[93],"87.1%,":[95],"76.2%":[96],"to":[97,104,115],"89.1%,":[98],"78.1%,":[99],"69.7%,":[102],"68.8%":[103],"71.2%,":[105],"69.5%,":[106],"respectively.":[107],"Furthermore,":[108],"our":[109],"demonstrates":[111],"superior":[112],"performance":[113],"compared":[114],"current":[117],"state-of-the-art":[118],"qualitative":[121],"evaluations,":[122],"indicating":[123],"its":[124],"effectiveness":[125],"extracting":[127],"global":[128],"information":[130],"while":[131],"maintaining":[132],"consistency":[134],"topological":[136],"validity":[137],"structure.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
