{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386303177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862","title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of urban landscape forms on PM <sub>2.5</sub> in China from 2001 to 2020","display_name":"Spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of urban landscape forms on PM <sub>2.5</sub> in China from 2001 to 2020","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386303177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862?needAccess=true&role=button","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101993519","display_name":"S. Y. Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-077X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoutao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078206959","display_name":"Jiayi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032024828","display_name":"Xiaolu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3086-6847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780283","display_name":"Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014362347","display_name":"Zelin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3516-3999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zelin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102489369","display_name":"Cicheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cicheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058131597","display_name":"Ziying Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-364X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziying Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078222307","display_name":"Tong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015965839","display_name":"Changhui Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2037-8097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhui Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078206959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":4.1447,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94925284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"3417","last_page":"3434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impervious-surface","display_name":"Impervious surface","score":0.8364713191986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.7265944480895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.7020083665847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.5490449666976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5225783586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-landscape","display_name":"Urban landscape","score":0.4825686514377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42046061158180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3333834707736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.27348989248275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.12429600954055786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.8364713191986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.7265944480895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.7020083665847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5490449666976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5225783586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994309752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1935974","display_name":"Urban landscape","level":2,"score":0.4825686514377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42046061158180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3333834707736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.27348989248275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.12429600954055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:75a585e95c2b4bc9af52baf046509a74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/75a585e95c2b4bc9af52baf046509a74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 3417-3434 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2249862?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6947709631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023JJ40443","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386303177.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386303177.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971794754","https://openalex.org/W1977356088","https://openalex.org/W1998087548","https://openalex.org/W2012480693","https://openalex.org/W2039506002","https://openalex.org/W2040256710","https://openalex.org/W2092892694","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2126823552","https://openalex.org/W2202387136","https://openalex.org/W2576913571","https://openalex.org/W2587357917","https://openalex.org/W2733098106","https://openalex.org/W2768575584","https://openalex.org/W2788693790","https://openalex.org/W2792044558","https://openalex.org/W2796409515","https://openalex.org/W2802366320","https://openalex.org/W2809260080","https://openalex.org/W2907384874","https://openalex.org/W2911321509","https://openalex.org/W2921878992","https://openalex.org/W2930499469","https://openalex.org/W2943200429","https://openalex.org/W2963314801","https://openalex.org/W2966581647","https://openalex.org/W2969708573","https://openalex.org/W2996771772","https://openalex.org/W3001340229","https://openalex.org/W3030419454","https://openalex.org/W3033371505","https://openalex.org/W3053400884","https://openalex.org/W3084755219","https://openalex.org/W3089684126","https://openalex.org/W3092526042","https://openalex.org/W3096968564","https://openalex.org/W3108864973","https://openalex.org/W3119335550","https://openalex.org/W3126811575","https://openalex.org/W3133659432","https://openalex.org/W3139240018","https://openalex.org/W3175631596","https://openalex.org/W3195830738","https://openalex.org/W3207080327","https://openalex.org/W4200157383","https://openalex.org/W4205737446","https://openalex.org/W4205824412","https://openalex.org/W4211098219","https://openalex.org/W4224062708","https://openalex.org/W4283445900","https://openalex.org/W4298119576","https://openalex.org/W4313245480","https://openalex.org/W4362538109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364341326","https://openalex.org/W2757433404","https://openalex.org/W4254235682","https://openalex.org/W2054563345","https://openalex.org/W2520989432","https://openalex.org/W2159637219","https://openalex.org/W3132993209","https://openalex.org/W2908289967","https://openalex.org/W2271813916","https://openalex.org/W2917419900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"landscape":[1,28,34,84,138,160,183],"forms":[2,29],"can":[3],"be":[4],"effective":[5],"in":[6,14,46,80,107,119,132,178],"reducing":[7],"increasing":[8],"PM2.5":[9,31,105,153],"concentrations":[10,106],"due":[11],"to":[12,20,42,56,168,188],"urbanization":[13],"China,":[15,123],"making":[16],"it":[17],"crucially":[18],"important":[19],"accurately":[21],"quantify":[22],"the":[23,81,88,96,108,110,133,137,141,173,179],"spatiotemporal":[24,60,78],"impact":[25,180],"of":[26,83,90,99,112,164,172,181],"urban":[27,91,100,182,190],"on":[30,86,185],"variations.":[32],"Three":[33],"indices":[35,85],"and":[36,68,95,121,124,145,152,175,192],"six":[37],"control":[38],"variables":[39],"were":[40],"selected":[41],"assess":[43],"these":[44],"impacts":[45,82],"362":[47],"Chinese":[48],"cities":[49],"during":[50],"different":[51],"time":[52],"scales":[53],"from":[54],"2001":[55],"2020,":[57],"using":[58],"a":[59,169],"geographically":[61],"weighted":[62],"regression":[63],"model,":[64],"random":[65],"forest":[66],"models":[67],"partial":[69],"dependence":[70],"plots.":[71],"The":[72,148,162],"results":[73,163],"show":[74],"that":[75],"there":[76],"are":[77],"differences":[79,131,177],"PM2.5.":[87],"proportion":[89,111],"green":[92,101],"infrastructure":[93,102],"(PLAND-UGI)":[94],"fractal":[97],"dimension":[98],"(FRACT-UGI)":[103],"exacerbate":[104],"northwest,":[109],"impervious":[113],"surfaces":[114],"(PLAND-Impervious)":[115],"mitigates":[116],"air":[117],"pollution":[118],"northwest":[120],"southwest":[122],"shannon\u2019s":[125],"diversity":[126],"index":[127,139],"(SHDI)":[128],"has":[129],"seasonal":[130],"northwest.":[134],"PLAND-UGI":[135],"is":[136],"with":[140],"largest":[142],"contribution":[143],"(30%)":[144],"interpretable":[146],"range.":[147],"relationship":[149],"between":[150],"FRACT":[151],"was":[154],"more":[155],"complex":[156],"than":[157],"for":[158],"other":[159],"indices.":[161],"this":[165],"study":[166],"contribute":[167],"deeper":[170],"understanding":[171],"spatial":[174],"temporal":[176],"patterns":[184],"PM2.5,":[186],"contributing":[187],"clean":[189],"development":[191],"sustainable":[193],"development.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2023-08-31T00:00:00"}