{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382403326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882","title":"Reduction of rain effect on wave height estimation from marine X-band radar images using unsupervised generative adversarial networks","display_name":"Reduction of rain effect on wave height estimation from marine X-band radar images using unsupervised generative adversarial networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382403326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882?needAccess=true&role=button","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336172","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-437X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1214-6499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012136908","display_name":"Hui Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7350-0688"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","The 802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108737760","display_name":"Weilun Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weilun Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","The 802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 802 Institute of Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082455419","display_name":"Yunfei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-5830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100336172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":2.0545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8540632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"2356","last_page":"2373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7369676232337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6513357758522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5592113137245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.557875394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.533135175704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-wave-height","display_name":"Significant wave height","score":0.4795072674751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.45574310421943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.444580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.44168147444725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.42043551802635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-height","display_name":"Wave height","score":0.4180169701576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3651130795478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34406864643096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31231388449668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2306033968925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22439652681350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.17954376339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1664642095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10860252380371094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7369676232337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6513357758522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5592113137245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.557875394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.533135175704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85910571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674049","display_name":"Significant wave height","level":3,"score":0.4795072674751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.45574310421943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.444580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44168147444725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.42043551802635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70620910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821563","display_name":"Wave height","level":2,"score":0.4180169701576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3651130795478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34406864643096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31231388449668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2306033968925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22439652681350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.17954376339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1664642095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10860252380371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7188f60a1c8c4ca1839fad14ec64ddbb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7188f60a1c8c4ca1839fad14ec64ddbb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 2356-2373 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2225882?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382403326.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382403326.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005096075","https://openalex.org/W2026531035","https://openalex.org/W2027282652","https://openalex.org/W2034069748","https://openalex.org/W2049694710","https://openalex.org/W2059715039","https://openalex.org/W2064883310","https://openalex.org/W2068969912","https://openalex.org/W2071386468","https://openalex.org/W2079605216","https://openalex.org/W2087105482","https://openalex.org/W2090474450","https://openalex.org/W2094144426","https://openalex.org/W2097383946","https://openalex.org/W2098347925","https://openalex.org/W2098783114","https://openalex.org/W2114867966","https://openalex.org/W2117468118","https://openalex.org/W2119399882","https://openalex.org/W2125441934","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2142648015","https://openalex.org/W2144025421","https://openalex.org/W2156936307","https://openalex.org/W2157730826","https://openalex.org/W2159554945","https://openalex.org/W2168977926","https://openalex.org/W2256362396","https://openalex.org/W2267186426","https://openalex.org/W2291454393","https://openalex.org/W2500501341","https://openalex.org/W2521028896","https://openalex.org/W2588262451","https://openalex.org/W2741618523","https://openalex.org/W2765704349","https://openalex.org/W2768106960","https://openalex.org/W2774732543","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2908521807","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2999742312","https://openalex.org/W3157371163","https://openalex.org/W3181171839","https://openalex.org/W4210827313","https://openalex.org/W4283274207","https://openalex.org/W4293568373","https://openalex.org/W4319778140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324808582","https://openalex.org/W2042390733","https://openalex.org/W2999761183","https://openalex.org/W3150600118","https://openalex.org/W2392597884","https://openalex.org/W2058448586","https://openalex.org/W4377090538","https://openalex.org/W120777747","https://openalex.org/W2462729838","https://openalex.org/W4239871283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"intelligent":[1],"single":[2],"radar":[3,67,104,122,198],"image":[4],"de-raining":[5,32,121,173],"method":[6,27,126,180],"based":[7],"on":[8,99,187],"unsupervised":[9,36],"self-attention":[10,88],"generative":[11],"adversarial":[12,38],"networks":[13],"is":[14,60,90,127,154,167],"proposed":[15,125],"to":[16,97,115,132],"improve":[17],"the":[18,74,93,142,147,151,160,164,172,179,183,188],"accuracy":[19,189],"of":[20,49,163,185,190],"wave":[21,143,165,191],"height":[22,144,166,192],"parameter":[23,193],"inversion":[24],"results.":[25],"The":[26,58,124],"builds":[28],"a":[29,83,87],"trainable":[30],"end-to-end":[31],"model":[33,59,77],"with":[34,141],"an":[35,41,70],"cycle-consistent":[37],"network":[39],"as":[40,82],"AI":[42],"framework,":[43],"which":[44,137],"does":[45],"not":[46,80],"require":[47],"pairs":[48],"rain-contaminated":[50,64,149],"and":[51,65,73,109,119,159],"corresponding":[52],"ground-truth":[53],"rain-free":[54],"images":[55,68],"for":[56],"training.":[57],"trained":[61],"by":[62,129,156,169],"feeding":[63],"clean":[66],"in":[69],"unpaired":[71],"manner,":[72],"atmospheric":[75],"scattering":[76],"parameters":[78],"are":[79],"required":[81],"prior":[84],"condition.":[85],"Additionally,":[86],"mechanism":[89],"introduced":[91],"into":[92],"model,":[94],"allowing":[95],"it":[96,131],"focus":[98],"rain":[100,111,186],"clutter":[101,112],"when":[102],"processing":[103],"images.":[105,123,199],"This":[106],"combines":[107],"global":[108],"local":[110],"context":[113],"information":[114],"output":[116],"more":[117],"accurate":[118],"clear":[120],"validated":[128],"applying":[130],"actual":[133],"field":[134],"test":[135],"data,":[136,150],"shows":[138],"that":[139,178],"compared":[140],"derived":[145],"from":[146,195],"original":[148],"root-mean-square":[152],"error":[153],"reduced":[155],"0.11":[157],"m":[158],"correlation":[161],"coefficient":[162],"increased":[168],"14%":[170],"using":[171],"method.":[174],"These":[175],"results":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"effectively":[181],"reduces":[182],"impact":[184],"estimation":[194],"marine":[196],"X-band":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
