{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377024066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920","title":"A graph autoencoder network to measure the geometric similarity of drainage networks in scaling transformation","display_name":"A graph autoencoder network to measure the geometric similarity of drainage networks in scaling transformation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377024066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920?needAccess=true&role=button","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420002","display_name":"Huafei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-5246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huafei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-5246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029956180","display_name":"Tinghua Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-9872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tinghua Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-9872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081235198","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-527X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-527X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057631007","display_name":"Weiming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3208-4208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3208-4208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043913530","display_name":"Lars Harrie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3252-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Harrie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3252-1495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029956180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":20.4305,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99382243,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1828","last_page":"1852"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12543","display_name":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8222818374633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6799929141998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6015563011169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.5370937585830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5278475284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.5209583044052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4926474690437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.47586673498153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.45876142382621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4541974365711212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42034652829170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesic","display_name":"Geodesic","score":0.4158886671066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38535165786743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.27548059821128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24905839562416077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8222818374633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6799929141998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6015563011169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.5370937585830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5278475284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.5209583044052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4926474690437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.47586673498153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.45876142382621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4541974365711212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42034652829170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165818556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213488","display_name":"Geodesic","level":2,"score":0.4158886671066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38535165786743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27548059821128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24905839562416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:575a3cbef09a4a4fa6f260f437fe23be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/575a3cbef09a4a4fa6f260f437fe23be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1828-1852 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/173624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/173624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:88a826c7-9d47-4c3d-8c0b-65f609f4c3b6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/88a826c7-9d47-4c3d-8c0b-65f609f4c3b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1753-8947","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2023.2212920?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1533101894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202206270076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4214835195","display_name":"\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u5730\u56fe\u76ee\u6807\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7efc\u5408\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"42071450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4403639087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41531180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321806","display_name":"Lunds Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377024066.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377024066.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554338876","https://openalex.org/W1938671276","https://openalex.org/W1990436032","https://openalex.org/W1991699684","https://openalex.org/W2003750038","https://openalex.org/W2008932500","https://openalex.org/W2023803761","https://openalex.org/W2042263899","https://openalex.org/W2045561454","https://openalex.org/W2059975159","https://openalex.org/W2071519807","https://openalex.org/W2092546714","https://openalex.org/W2112814495","https://openalex.org/W2161053941","https://openalex.org/W2173027866","https://openalex.org/W2235926858","https://openalex.org/W2263615407","https://openalex.org/W2301534275","https://openalex.org/W2421988471","https://openalex.org/W2465015709","https://openalex.org/W2487757732","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2559984049","https://openalex.org/W2783649107","https://openalex.org/W2811124557","https://openalex.org/W2898095674","https://openalex.org/W2906943923","https://openalex.org/W2922929301","https://openalex.org/W2942259124","https://openalex.org/W2950723285","https://openalex.org/W2963458513","https://openalex.org/W2986466936","https://openalex.org/W2987509417","https://openalex.org/W3006750212","https://openalex.org/W3019257800","https://openalex.org/W3028003245","https://openalex.org/W3034407514","https://openalex.org/W3039425029","https://openalex.org/W3103458544","https://openalex.org/W3157999218","https://openalex.org/W3160872503","https://openalex.org/W3188249633","https://openalex.org/W4210598167","https://openalex.org/W4221078290","https://openalex.org/W4242842172","https://openalex.org/W4297575523","https://openalex.org/W4308798999","https://openalex.org/W4309066265","https://openalex.org/W4310014952","https://openalex.org/W4313470292","https://openalex.org/W4322614756","https://openalex.org/W4390162621","https://openalex.org/W6726080935","https://openalex.org/W6835635666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2284045667","https://openalex.org/W57923944","https://openalex.org/W2981287881","https://openalex.org/W1598081081","https://openalex.org/W2056226831","https://openalex.org/W1823511492","https://openalex.org/W4386612228","https://openalex.org/W2024635814","https://openalex.org/W3200484643","https://openalex.org/W4379207348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Similarity":[0],"measurement":[1,14],"has":[2,158],"been":[3],"a":[4,84,99,151],"prevailing":[5],"research":[6],"topic":[7],"in":[8,15,69,121],"geographic":[9],"information":[10,29],"science.":[11],"Geometric":[12],"similarity":[13,111,114,175],"scaling":[16,137],"transformation":[17],"(GSM_ST)":[18],"is":[19,35],"critical":[20],"to":[21,40,61,66,112,169],"ensure":[22],"spatial":[23,42],"data":[24,183],"quality":[25],"while":[26],"balancing":[27],"detailed":[28],"with":[30,150],"distinctive":[31],"features.":[32],"However,":[33],"GSM_ST":[34],"an":[36,75,93],"uncertain":[37],"problem":[38],"due":[39],"subjective":[41,59],"cognition,":[43],"global":[44],"and":[45,48,63,89,108,128,157,182],"local":[46],"concerns,":[47],"geometric":[49],"complexity.":[50],"Traditional":[51],"rule-based":[52],"methods":[53,130,149],"considering":[54],"multiple":[55],"consistent":[56],"conditions":[57],"require":[58],"adjustments":[60],"characteristics":[62],"weights,":[64],"leading":[65],"poor":[67],"robustness":[68],"addressing":[70],"GSM_ST.":[71],"This":[72],"study":[73],"proposes":[74],"unsupervised":[76],"representation":[77],"learning":[78],"framework":[79,96],"for":[80,106],"automated":[81],"GSM_ST,":[82,107],"using":[83,109],"Graph":[85],"Autoencoder":[86],"Network":[87],"(GAE)":[88],"drainage":[90,100,119,133],"networks":[91,134],"as":[92,173],"example.":[94],"The":[95,139],"involves":[97],"constructing":[98],"graph,":[101],"designing":[102],"the":[103,117,143],"GAE":[104,145],"architecture":[105],"Cosine":[110],"measure":[113],"based":[115],"on":[116],"GAE-derived":[118],"embeddings":[120],"different":[122,180,185],"scales.":[123],"We":[124],"perform":[125],"extensive":[126],"experiments":[127],"compare":[129],"across":[131],"71":[132],"during":[135],"five":[136],"transformations.":[138],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"proposed":[144,163],"method":[146,164],"outperforms":[147],"other":[148,170],"satisfaction":[152],"ratio":[153],"of":[154],"around":[155],"88%":[156],"strong":[159],"robustness.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"our":[162],"also":[165],"can":[166],"be":[167],"applied":[168],"scenarios,":[171],"such":[172],"measuring":[174],"between":[176],"geographical":[177],"entities":[178],"at":[179],"times":[181],"from":[184],"datasets.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}