{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362559991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527","title":"Vegetation ecological benefits index (VEBI): a 3D spatial model for evaluating the ecological benefits of vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation ecological benefits index (VEBI): a 3D spatial model for evaluating the ecological benefits of vegetation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362559991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010845086","display_name":"Zhimei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4549-5142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhimei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Subtropics Remote Sensing, Central South University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","Center of Subtropics Remote Sensing, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4549-5142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Subtropics Remote Sensing, Central South University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Subtropics Remote Sensing, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101888641","display_name":"Yanguo Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-9042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanguo Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084788014","display_name":"Zhijun Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0231-4604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Subtropics Remote Sensing, Central South University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","Center of Subtropics Remote Sensing, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0231-4604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Subtropics Remote Sensing, Central South University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Subtropics Remote Sensing, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743514","display_name":"Bowen Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8806-2942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056068917","display_name":"Junwei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-1203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027102740","display_name":"Zhanhao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084788014","https://openalex.org/A5101888641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":1.5492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81135111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1108","last_page":"1123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.7235751152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.6186717748641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.5633376240730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4454793632030487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3856986463069916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.33751776814460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1211496889591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10983112454414368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.7235751152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6186717748641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5633376240730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4454793632030487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3856986463069916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.33751776814460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1211496889591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10983112454414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e8d92ba7aee46f0928fc261b675fdbc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e8d92ba7aee46f0928fc261b675fdbc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1108-1123 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2192527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6657941717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42106172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518917059","https://openalex.org/W1627054999","https://openalex.org/W1899779597","https://openalex.org/W2021135652","https://openalex.org/W2029615838","https://openalex.org/W2095194376","https://openalex.org/W2097467169","https://openalex.org/W2142842186","https://openalex.org/W2147496167","https://openalex.org/W2171979590","https://openalex.org/W2553708656","https://openalex.org/W2765342857","https://openalex.org/W2781829993","https://openalex.org/W2887272444","https://openalex.org/W2890091103","https://openalex.org/W2898070142","https://openalex.org/W2939432878","https://openalex.org/W2955694293","https://openalex.org/W2963623633","https://openalex.org/W2984146837","https://openalex.org/W2988206261","https://openalex.org/W3008002104","https://openalex.org/W3011411270","https://openalex.org/W3014952174","https://openalex.org/W3033936616","https://openalex.org/W3038621747","https://openalex.org/W3080873233","https://openalex.org/W3095845485","https://openalex.org/W3109780665","https://openalex.org/W3166295895","https://openalex.org/W3185754461","https://openalex.org/W3197798406","https://openalex.org/W3201112898","https://openalex.org/W3205500215","https://openalex.org/W4311343508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2936184523","https://openalex.org/W2324371611","https://openalex.org/W4399573406","https://openalex.org/W4386926693","https://openalex.org/W4241210941","https://openalex.org/W4244035922","https://openalex.org/W4237970082","https://openalex.org/W4400104022","https://openalex.org/W4382059428","https://openalex.org/W2365319581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"population":[1],"explosion":[2],"may":[3,176],"increase":[4],"ecological":[5,28,77,115,183],"environment":[6,35],"discomfort,":[7],"thereby":[8],"affecting":[9],"negatively":[10],"humans\u2019":[11],"mental":[12],"and":[13,22,25,44,52,103,145,189],"physical":[14],"performance.":[15],"Therefore,":[16,109],"it":[17,70],"is":[18,71,94,163],"important":[19],"to":[20,73,96,126],"detect":[21],"monitor":[23],"vegetation":[24,50,58,80,85,102,114,125,129,154,182],"predict":[26,75],"its":[27,132],"benefits.":[29],"The":[30,54,135,149],"complex":[31],"composition":[32],"of":[33,79,101,107,124,157,167],"urban":[34],"ground":[36],"objects,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"steel":[40],"roofs,":[41],"plastic":[42],"courts,":[43],"building":[45],"shadows,":[46],"significantly":[47],"interferes":[48],"with":[49,186],"detection":[51],"monitoring.":[53],"optimized":[55],"hyperspectral":[56],"image-based":[57],"index":[59,117],"(OHSVI)":[60],"constructed":[61],"in":[62,139,179],"this":[63,67,93],"study":[64],"effectively":[65],"solves":[66],"problem.":[68],"However,":[69],"difficult":[72],"accurately":[74],"the":[76,83,97,104,113,121,153,158,168],"benefits":[78,116,184],"based":[81,88,119],"on":[82,89,120,131],"two-dimensional":[84],"information":[86],"extracted":[87],"remote":[90,187],"sensing":[91,188],"images;":[92],"related":[95],"three-dimensional":[98],"(3D)":[99],"structure":[100,123],"3D":[105,122,133,181],"pattern":[106],"buildings.":[108],"we":[110],"first":[111],"proposed":[112],"(VEBI)":[118],"reveal":[127],"how":[128],"acts":[130],"surroundings.":[134],"method":[136],"was":[137],"tested":[138],"a":[140,146],"playground,":[141],"an":[142],"academic":[143],"building,":[144],"parking":[147],"space.":[148],"results":[150],"showed":[151],"that":[152,166,174],"extraction":[155],"accuracy":[156],"OHSVI":[159],"exceeded":[160],"93%,":[161],"which":[162],"better":[164],"than":[165],"existing":[169],"indices.":[170],"Our":[171],"findings":[172],"suggest":[173],"VEBI":[175],"be":[177],"efficient":[178],"predicting":[180],"combined":[185],"lidar":[190],"datasets.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
