{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322754183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992","title":"Reliability and consistency assessment of land cover products at macro and local scales in typical cities","display_name":"Reliability and consistency assessment of land cover products at macro and local scales in typical cities","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322754183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101620933","display_name":"Wenxi Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-2394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020032935","display_name":"Xiang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-6735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006686066","display_name":"Jiacheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-4723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006674476","display_name":"Siqing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2838-3632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074143989","display_name":"Yinkun Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7540-6767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinkun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053553447","display_name":"Naijing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-3864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naijing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101705074","display_name":"Na Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-9817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111085188","display_name":"Xiaozheng Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozheng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063355562","display_name":"Mengmeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1819-7659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020032935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":3.7817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93780921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"486","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.7775899171829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7397176027297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.673897922039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6267778277397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5206767320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.4852888286113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.4796741008758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.389718234539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3833123445510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.33447927236557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.31847089529037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.1614605188369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15222439169883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12185117602348328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7775899171829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7397176027297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.673897922039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6267778277397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5206767320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4852888286113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4796741008758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.389718234539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3833123445510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.33447927236557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.31847089529037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.1614605188369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15222439169883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12185117602348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9908e4cff3d456bb47bc2d2d54736a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9908e4cff3d456bb47bc2d2d54736a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 486-508 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2181992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G967177310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42090012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61533110","https://openalex.org/W264085230","https://openalex.org/W1421751110","https://openalex.org/W1974001932","https://openalex.org/W1980191009","https://openalex.org/W1980385468","https://openalex.org/W1996777760","https://openalex.org/W2001728294","https://openalex.org/W2006929658","https://openalex.org/W2008789742","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2043540570","https://openalex.org/W2066131315","https://openalex.org/W2074894322","https://openalex.org/W2077570405","https://openalex.org/W2078877578","https://openalex.org/W2097467169","https://openalex.org/W2103818806","https://openalex.org/W2125476429","https://openalex.org/W2127559745","https://openalex.org/W2140181255","https://openalex.org/W2154665623","https://openalex.org/W2279479846","https://openalex.org/W2499167284","https://openalex.org/W2540222487","https://openalex.org/W2569461747","https://openalex.org/W2570830654","https://openalex.org/W2589961227","https://openalex.org/W2596981200","https://openalex.org/W2798949579","https://openalex.org/W2897344053","https://openalex.org/W2920254659","https://openalex.org/W2920948257","https://openalex.org/W2933592273","https://openalex.org/W2943905784","https://openalex.org/W2951471051","https://openalex.org/W2953011380","https://openalex.org/W2998198695","https://openalex.org/W3013341479","https://openalex.org/W3020058386","https://openalex.org/W3023539965","https://openalex.org/W3080762129","https://openalex.org/W3089685169","https://openalex.org/W3090679658","https://openalex.org/W3094306770","https://openalex.org/W3113176042","https://openalex.org/W3132886310","https://openalex.org/W3145752794","https://openalex.org/W3175626522","https://openalex.org/W3188524028","https://openalex.org/W3201594707","https://openalex.org/W4220901066","https://openalex.org/W4226337984","https://openalex.org/W4250620600","https://openalex.org/W4254715848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030816003","https://openalex.org/W4239992647","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W3192667092","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820","https://openalex.org/W604251607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"areas":[1,25,49,124],"have":[2,125],"higher":[3],"heterogeneity":[4],"compared":[5],"to":[6,12,50,104,143,184,195],"natural":[7],"areas,":[8],"it":[9],"is":[10],"crucial":[11],"assess":[13],"fine-resolution":[14,189],"land":[15,57,119,190],"cover":[16,58,120,191],"products":[17,72,121,167,192],"and":[18,63,83,152,173],"discover":[19],"how":[20],"they":[21,28],"differ":[22],"in":[23,43,110,156],"urban":[24,123,186,198],"so":[26],"that":[27,117,150,178],"can":[29],"be":[30],"efficiently":[31],"used":[32,54],"for":[33],"various":[34],"application":[35],"scenarios.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"study,":[39],"five":[40],"typical":[41],"cities":[42],"China":[44],"were":[45],"chosen":[46],"as":[47,76,78],"study":[48],"evaluate":[51],"four":[52,71,118,166],"commonly":[53],"30":[55],"m":[56],"products:":[59],"GLC_FCS30-2020,":[60],"FROM-GLC30-2017,":[61],"Globeland30-2020,":[62],"CLCD-2019.":[64],"We":[65],"analyzed":[66],"the":[67,88,95,107,158,162,165],"reliability":[68],"of":[69,90,161,171],"these":[70,111],"using":[73],"validation":[74],"samples":[75],"well":[77,155],"by":[79],"examining":[80],"their":[81],"area":[82,102],"spatial":[84],"pattern":[85],"consistency.":[86],"Given":[87],"limitations":[89],"traditional":[91],"accuracy":[92,147],"assessments":[93],"at":[94],"macro":[96,114],"level,":[97],"we":[98],"added":[99],"a":[100,126,135],"local":[101,146],"evaluation":[103],"further":[105],"examine":[106],"classification":[108],"details":[109,160],"products.":[112],"The":[113,145],"results":[115],"indicated":[116],"within":[122],"similar":[127],"overall":[128],"accuracy,":[129],"surpassing":[130],"76%,":[131],"but":[132],"there":[133],"was":[134],"low":[136],"consistency":[137],"among":[138],"them,":[139],"ranging":[140],"from":[141],"42.21%":[142],"61.13%.":[144],"assessment":[148],"illustrated":[149],"GLC_FCS30-2020":[151],"FROM-GLC30-2017":[153],"performed":[154],"reflecting":[157],"intricate":[159],"city,":[163],"however,":[164],"exhibited":[168],"varying":[169],"degrees":[170],"misclassifications":[172],"omissions.":[174],"These":[175],"phenomena":[176],"suggest":[177],"more":[179],"sophisticated":[180],"algorithms":[181],"are":[182],"needed":[183],"consider":[185],"particularities":[187],"since":[188],"may":[193],"fail":[194],"capture":[196],"complex":[197],"details.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
