{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283013349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775","title":"Exploiting European GNSS and Ethereum in location proof systems","display_name":"Exploiting European GNSS and Ethereum in location proof systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283013349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039882353","display_name":"Gianluca Lax","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-0870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Lax","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIIES Dept., University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-0870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIIES Dept., University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052255034","display_name":"Antonia Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3038-8574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonia Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIIES Dept., University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3038-8574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIIES Dept., University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052255034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10206675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"1018","last_page":"1037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.7832921743392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7200890183448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7173171043395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7022084593772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5839785933494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.5692917704582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5162675380706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5041300058364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.45316874980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.44733792543411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.41806408762931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3912941813468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2771022319793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1392495334148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12263739109039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10541918873786926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7832921743392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7200890183448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7173171043395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7022084593772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5839785933494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.5692917704582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5162675380706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5041300058364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45316874980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.44733792543411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.41806408762931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3912941813468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2771022319793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1392495334148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12263739109039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10541918873786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:19672c70ade94a04bf4968bdd8842b79","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/19672c70ade94a04bf4968bdd8842b79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1018-1037 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167346689","https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W1915866835","https://openalex.org/W1994292329","https://openalex.org/W2011489409","https://openalex.org/W2149826777","https://openalex.org/W2199672548","https://openalex.org/W2342556383","https://openalex.org/W2593097136","https://openalex.org/W2741911188","https://openalex.org/W2761952776","https://openalex.org/W2772116062","https://openalex.org/W2774802253","https://openalex.org/W2808368922","https://openalex.org/W2871443645","https://openalex.org/W2885734057","https://openalex.org/W2889079547","https://openalex.org/W2896929923","https://openalex.org/W2914129986","https://openalex.org/W2916278854","https://openalex.org/W2917929670","https://openalex.org/W2973227750","https://openalex.org/W2987601097","https://openalex.org/W2996221819","https://openalex.org/W3002488287","https://openalex.org/W3024055367","https://openalex.org/W3029410543","https://openalex.org/W3044415608","https://openalex.org/W3044610635","https://openalex.org/W3046791800","https://openalex.org/W3049730411","https://openalex.org/W3085929865","https://openalex.org/W3095499758","https://openalex.org/W3095787716","https://openalex.org/W3099830199","https://openalex.org/W3131738794","https://openalex.org/W3171195076","https://openalex.org/W3186978864","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4255825152","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W6753379450","https://openalex.org/W6922688990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Location-Based":[0],"Services":[1],"(LBSs)":[2],"are":[3,15,57,70,114],"essential":[4],"in":[5,30,49,64,118],"many":[6],"application":[7],"contexts":[8],"like":[9],"ride-sharing":[10],"or":[11,61,74],"navigation":[12],"apps.":[13],"There":[14],"cases":[16],"where":[17],"users":[18,117],"could":[19],"gain":[20],"an":[21],"advantage":[22],"by":[23,41,116],"submitting":[24],"fake":[25],"locations.":[26],"The":[27,106],"problem":[28],"faced":[29],"this":[31,77],"paper":[32],"concerns":[33],"the":[34,37,46,51,65,81,136,140,143],"possibility":[35],"that":[36,91,135],"geographic":[38],"location":[39,48,100,112],"declared":[40],"a":[42,88,119,123,146],"user":[43,52],"is":[44,53,109,125],"not":[45],"actual":[47],"which":[50],"placed.":[54],"Some":[55],"solutions":[56,69],"based":[58,71],"on":[59,72],"centralized":[60],"distributed":[62],"verification":[63],"literature,":[66],"and":[67,86,122,131],"other":[68],"witnesses":[73],"infrastructure.":[75],"In":[76],"paper,":[78],"we":[79],"highlight":[80],"limitations":[82],"of":[83,142],"such":[84],"approaches":[85],"propose":[87],"new":[89],"scheme":[90],"exploits":[92],"signals":[93],"coming":[94],"from":[95],"satellites":[96],"to":[97,127],"provide":[98],"trustworthy":[99],"proofs,":[101],"also":[102],"respecting":[103],"users'":[104],"privacy.":[105],"proposed":[107,137],"approach":[108,138],"decentralized":[110],"because":[111],"proofs":[113],"stored":[115],"suitably-encrypted":[120],"way,":[121],"blockchain":[124],"adopted":[126],"guarantee":[128],"data":[129],"integrity":[130],"authenticity.":[132],"We":[133],"show":[134],"overcomes":[139],"state":[141],"art":[144],"through":[145],"detailed":[147],"analysis.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
