{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210335523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035","title":"An efficient built-up land expansion model using a modified U-Net","display_name":"An efficient built-up land expansion model using a modified U-Net","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210335523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084360680","display_name":"Hanieh Shojaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-0420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39268498","display_name":"University of Isfahan","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9t7759","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanieh Shojaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086817594","display_name":"Saeed Nadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-3714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39268498","display_name":"University of Isfahan","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9t7759","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Nadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068825926","display_name":"Hossein Shafizadeh\u2010Moghadam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-3723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Shafizadeh-Moghadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075661010","display_name":"Amin Tayyebi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-1129"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Tayyebi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Manager, Exelon Utility, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Manager, Exelon Utility, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054109049","display_name":"J.L. van Genderen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Van Genderen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Observation Sciences (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Observation Sciences (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084360680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":1.7003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82765256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"148","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automaton","display_name":"Cellular automaton","score":0.6323058605194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5048707127571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"Urban expansion","score":0.4982755184173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48485267162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.46468448638916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.46166330575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.43394070863723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.42719486355781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.4111288785934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36515045166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36108487844467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31053489446640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2981392443180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2647489607334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23225504159927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.18673551082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14274799823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10621950030326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10004019737243652}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.6323058605194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5048707127571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984674859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban expansion","level":3,"score":0.4982755184173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48485267162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.46468448638916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.46166330575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.43394070863723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.42719486355781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.4111288785934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36515045166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36108487844467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31053489446640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2981392443180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2647489607334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23225504159927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.18673551082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14274799823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10621950030326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10004019737243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/78b9bd46-7c5a-48a6-a1ca-3401b4aa24ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/78b9bd46-7c5a-48a6-a1ca-3401b4aa24ee","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/359414580/An_efficient_built-up_land_expansion_model_using_a_modified_U-Net.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Shojaei, H, Nadi, S, Shafizadeh-Moghadam, H, Tayyebi, A & Van Genderen, J 2022, 'An efficient built-up land expansion model using a modified U-Net', International journal of digital earth, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 148-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c5dd9acc56b246bd8cfbeab9b4268694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c5dd9acc56b246bd8cfbeab9b4268694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 148-163 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2021.2017035?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210335523.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210335523.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1536719366","https://openalex.org/W1578977146","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1989939075","https://openalex.org/W2011438884","https://openalex.org/W2013168176","https://openalex.org/W2022899447","https://openalex.org/W2042289381","https://openalex.org/W2047752910","https://openalex.org/W2052615516","https://openalex.org/W2054130696","https://openalex.org/W2057204588","https://openalex.org/W2058963764","https://openalex.org/W2063987149","https://openalex.org/W2072461811","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2078291859","https://openalex.org/W2082291024","https://openalex.org/W2091523418","https://openalex.org/W2099054202","https://openalex.org/W2130984710","https://openalex.org/W2135822449","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2171730709","https://openalex.org/W2480078828","https://openalex.org/W2605627592","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2733135970","https://openalex.org/W2754099573","https://openalex.org/W2763208873","https://openalex.org/W2773188111","https://openalex.org/W2789876780","https://openalex.org/W2792263672","https://openalex.org/W2805365628","https://openalex.org/W2884455106","https://openalex.org/W2889293458","https://openalex.org/W2904271136","https://openalex.org/W2921629193","https://openalex.org/W2947443368","https://openalex.org/W3000365610","https://openalex.org/W3001677969","https://openalex.org/W3033545933","https://openalex.org/W3045900364","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W3131821490","https://openalex.org/W3155886720","https://openalex.org/W3164443880","https://openalex.org/W3189209094","https://openalex.org/W4256060553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164619678","https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2113544496","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W1669105318","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W2033176844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"an":[3],"improved":[4],"convolutional":[5],"neural":[6],"network":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,28,61,80,86,91,94,99,107,114,146,151,156,162],"conventional":[11],"U-Net":[12,104,148],"for":[13,51,60,161],"simulating":[14],"built-up":[15,64,133,165],"land":[16,65,134,166],"expansion.":[17],"The":[18,74],"proposed":[19,75,121],"method":[20,76],"hires":[21],"a":[22,140],"pixel-wise":[23],"semantic":[24],"segmentation":[25],"approach":[26],"considering":[27],"spatial":[29],"drivers":[30],"affecting":[31],"urbanization":[32],"as":[33,58,85],"data":[34],"cubes.":[35],"Independent":[36],"variables":[37],"including":[38],"altitude,":[39],"slope,":[40],"and":[41,48,54,69],"distance":[42],"from":[43,138,150],"barren,":[44],"crop,":[45],"greenery,":[46],"roads,":[47],"urban":[49],"areas":[50],"1998,":[52],"2008,":[53],"2018":[55],"were":[56],"considered":[57],"covariates":[59],"simulation":[62,163],"of":[63,101,125,164],"expansion":[66,135,167],"in":[67,72],"Tehran":[68],"Karaj":[70],"regions":[71],"Iran.":[73],"was":[77],"compared":[78],"with":[79],"random":[81],"forest":[82],"(RF)":[83],"algorithm":[84],"baseline":[87],"model.":[88,144],"Evaluation":[89],"using":[90,113],"area":[92],"under":[93],"total":[95],"operating":[96],"characteristic":[97],"indicated":[98,118],"superiority":[100],"our":[102,120],"modified":[103,147],"(0.87)":[105],"over":[106],"RF":[108],"(0.82)":[109],"algorithm.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"evaluation":[112],"percent":[115],"correct":[116],"metric":[117],"that":[119],"model":[122],"is":[123,159],"capable":[124],"learning":[126],"neighborhood":[127,157],"effects":[128,158],"effectively":[129],"leading":[130],"to":[131],"simulate":[132],"accurately,":[136],"independent":[137,149],"applying":[139],"cellular":[141],"automata":[142],"(CA)":[143],"Therefore,":[145],"CA":[152],"which":[153],"can":[154],"consider":[155],"recommended":[160],"precisely.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
