{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048844369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1805036","title":"Analysis of geo-spatiotemporal data using machine learning algorithms and reliability enhancement for urbanization decision support","display_name":"Analysis of geo-spatiotemporal data using machine learning algorithms and reliability enhancement for urbanization decision support","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048844369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1805036","mag":"3048844369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2020.1805036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1805036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082634705","display_name":"Kwame Oppong Hackman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-9314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I291863076","display_name":"University of Energy and Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9rzb75","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137126","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad6kn10","country_code":"GH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kwame O. Hackman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kumasi, Ghana","Data Management Department, WASCAL Competence Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","Department of Environmental Management, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-9314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kumasi, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Management Department, WASCAL Competence Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Management, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011145539","display_name":"Xuecao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-0746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuecao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-0746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062506441","display_name":"Daniel Asenso-Gyambibi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137126","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad6kn10","country_code":"GH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Asenso-Gyambibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kumasi, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kumasi, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091523191","display_name":"Emmanuella A. Asamoah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137126","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad6kn10","country_code":"GH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuella A. Asamoah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kumasi, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kumasi, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080901652","display_name":"Isaac. D. Nelson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137126","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad6kn10","country_code":"GH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac. D. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kumasi, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Kumasi, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082634705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I291863076","https://openalex.org/I4210137126"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.502,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67210097,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"1717","last_page":"1732"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7904804944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.6472843289375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5905908346176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5114642381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.480613648891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.47159871459007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.44534531235694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4246661961078644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4181387722492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4104737937450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36470288038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35700318217277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3234093189239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08377721905708313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7904804944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.6472843289375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5905908346176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5114642381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.480613648891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47159871459007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.44534531235694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4246661961078644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4181387722492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4104737937450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36470288038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35700318217277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3234093189239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08377721905708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2020.1805036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1805036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89a77edaa2c24ff5bfeb36aa7e96a30d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89a77edaa2c24ff5bfeb36aa7e96a30d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp 1717-1732 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588561957","https://openalex.org/W639537632","https://openalex.org/W1605089624","https://openalex.org/W1797580880","https://openalex.org/W1818948153","https://openalex.org/W1966538081","https://openalex.org/W1996159834","https://openalex.org/W1997443969","https://openalex.org/W2000190887","https://openalex.org/W2001510610","https://openalex.org/W2002678866","https://openalex.org/W2004373569","https://openalex.org/W2013040191","https://openalex.org/W2035279307","https://openalex.org/W2049435044","https://openalex.org/W2056590375","https://openalex.org/W2065466107","https://openalex.org/W2080833782","https://openalex.org/W2085765572","https://openalex.org/W2097209891","https://openalex.org/W2097467169","https://openalex.org/W2097908993","https://openalex.org/W2113332323","https://openalex.org/W2117632824","https://openalex.org/W2129710368","https://openalex.org/W2134957418","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2145997886","https://openalex.org/W2163117137","https://openalex.org/W2256640648","https://openalex.org/W2297191375","https://openalex.org/W2323196124","https://openalex.org/W2514449951","https://openalex.org/W2554595525","https://openalex.org/W2564032601","https://openalex.org/W2572257651","https://openalex.org/W2572320040","https://openalex.org/W2599879174","https://openalex.org/W2606206541","https://openalex.org/W2626041447","https://openalex.org/W2748484989","https://openalex.org/W2937182631","https://openalex.org/W2990323597","https://openalex.org/W3144222061","https://openalex.org/W3214118429","https://openalex.org/W4288076310","https://openalex.org/W4298866780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W2143820878","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W4377864969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,65],"present":[1,156],"systematic":[2],"analyses":[3,165],"of":[4,8,11,124,148,158,166,169,186,189],"the":[5,9,13,62,82,90,119,125,135,151,155,167,187],"temporal":[6,63,72],"dynamics":[7],"growth":[10],"Kumasi,":[12],"fastest":[14],"growing":[15],"city":[16],"in":[17,161],"Ghana":[18,162],"using":[19],"20-year":[20],"Landsat":[21,30],"time-series":[22],"data":[23,160],"from":[24,89],"2000":[25],"to":[26,50,80,86,182,194],"2020":[27],"(with":[28],"1986":[29],"image":[31,87],"as":[32,178],"a":[33,77,144,183],"baseline).":[34],"Two":[35],"classification":[36,83],"algorithms":[37],"\u2013":[38,47],"random":[39],"forest":[40],"(RF)":[41],"and":[42,71,92,102,109,132,140,198],"support":[43],"vector":[44],"machines":[45],"(SVM)":[46],"were":[48,104],"used":[49],"produce":[51],"binary":[52],"(built-up":[53],"/":[54],"non-built":[55],"up)":[56],"maps":[57],"for":[58,100,134,163],"all":[59],"years":[60,136],"within":[61],"span.":[64],"further":[66],"implemented":[67],"an":[68,179],"anomaly":[69],"detection":[70],"consistency":[73],"algorithm":[74],"followed":[75],"by":[76],"changing":[78],"logic":[79],"correct":[81],"anomalies":[84],"due":[85,193],"contamination":[88],"cloud":[91],"other":[93],"sources.":[94],"The":[95],"mean":[96,120,145],"overall":[97],"accuracies":[98],"obtained":[99],"RF":[101],"SVM":[103],"94.9%":[105],"(kappa":[106,111],"=":[107,112],"0.90)":[108],"95.5%":[110],"0.91),":[113],"respectively.":[114],"Our":[115],"results":[116],"reveal":[117],"that":[118,174],"built-up":[121],"area":[122],"percentages":[123],"metropolis":[126],"are":[127],"approximately":[128],"74,":[129],"65,":[130],"47,":[131],"23":[133],"2020,":[137],"2010,":[138],"2000,":[139],"1986,":[141],"respectively,":[142],"representing":[143],"annual":[146],"change":[147],"3.5%":[149],"over":[150],"34":[152],"years.":[153],"With":[154],"lack":[157],"labeled":[159],"in-depth":[164],"evolution":[168],"land":[170],"use,":[171],"we":[172],"believe":[173],"this":[175],"study":[176],"serves":[177],"initial":[180],"attempt":[181],"better":[184],"understanding":[185],"effects":[188],"increasing":[190],"anthropogenic":[191],"activities":[192],"urbanization,":[195],"on":[196],"human":[197],"environment":[199],"health.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
