{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998350078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2019.1701109","title":"Data-driven approach to learning salience models of indoor landmarks by using genetic programming","display_name":"Data-driven approach to learning salience models of indoor landmarks by using genetic programming","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998350078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2019.1701109","mag":"2998350078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2019.1701109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2019.1701109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022428964","display_name":"Xuke Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5649-0243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuke Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053708335","display_name":"Lei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6726-7808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722936","display_name":"Jianga Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-8015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianga Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036083161","display_name":"Hongchao Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-7451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongchao Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021500732","display_name":"Tessio Novack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-5972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tessio Novack","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051827756","display_name":"Alexey Noskov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-6558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Noskov","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-6558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091474205","display_name":"Alexander Zipf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-9838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Zipf","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100722936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67897956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"1230","last_page":"1257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9156844615936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.8768362998962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","score":0.8758417367935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6397360563278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6047680377960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.604710578918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.5580365061759949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.5123201608657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5055785179138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.42348504066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.358220636844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.26957643032073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1056818962097168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9156844615936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.8768362998962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.8758417367935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6397360563278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6047680377960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.604710578918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.5580365061759949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.5123201608657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5055785179138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.42348504066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.358220636844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26957643032073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1056818962097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2019.1701109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2019.1701109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:35a86019b5ea42cc88c299d40774bb79","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/35a86019b5ea42cc88c299d40774bb79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 13, Iss 11, Pp 1230-1257 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8095915170","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41271440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62812406","https://openalex.org/W184098108","https://openalex.org/W196422389","https://openalex.org/W203043813","https://openalex.org/W1156638811","https://openalex.org/W1480883159","https://openalex.org/W1507563178","https://openalex.org/W1538372377","https://openalex.org/W1544772936","https://openalex.org/W1882789199","https://openalex.org/W1980872084","https://openalex.org/W2008353437","https://openalex.org/W2019224054","https://openalex.org/W2022861907","https://openalex.org/W2025784353","https://openalex.org/W2047221353","https://openalex.org/W2050948218","https://openalex.org/W2097515000","https://openalex.org/W2160398355","https://openalex.org/W2161317747","https://openalex.org/W2276583828","https://openalex.org/W2296496099","https://openalex.org/W2336427225","https://openalex.org/W2490525765","https://openalex.org/W2750263478","https://openalex.org/W3035096877","https://openalex.org/W4205511608","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993438337","https://openalex.org/W2323464168","https://openalex.org/W2996124973","https://openalex.org/W2089705257","https://openalex.org/W1977899511","https://openalex.org/W4383427356","https://openalex.org/W4235368871","https://openalex.org/W4214529089","https://openalex.org/W2115204123","https://openalex.org/W3124708012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"landmark-based":[1],"way-finding,":[2],"determining":[3],"the":[4,30,48,58,68,77,131,144,146,152,169],"most":[5,147],"salient":[6,148],"landmark":[7,52,149],"from":[8,112,136],"several":[9],"candidates":[10],"at":[11],"decision":[12],"points":[13],"is":[14,165],"challenging.":[15],"To":[16],"overcome":[17],"this":[18,137],"problem,":[19],"current":[20],"approaches":[21],"usually":[22],"rely":[23],"on":[24],"a":[25,51,86],"linear":[26,35,174],"model":[27,89],"to":[28,41,127,151],"measure":[29],"salience":[31,88],"of":[32,50,60,64,70,79,92,106,143],"landmarks.":[33],"However,":[34],"models":[36,72],"are":[37,73],"not":[38,121],"always":[39],"able":[40],"establish":[42],"an":[43],"accurate":[44],"quantitative":[45],"relationship":[46],"between":[47],"attributes":[49],"and":[53,63],"its":[54],"perceived":[55],"salience.":[56],"Furthermore,":[57],"numbers":[59],"evaluated":[61],"scenes":[62,110],"volunteers":[65,118],"participating":[66],"in":[67,122,141],"testing":[69],"these":[71,81,123],"often":[74],"limited.":[75],"With":[76],"aim":[78],"overcoming":[80],"gaps,":[82],"we":[83],"propose":[84],"learning":[85],"non-linear":[87],"by":[90,103,158,172],"means":[91],"genetic":[93],"programming.":[94],"We":[95],"compared":[96],"our":[97,159],"proposed":[98,160],"approach":[99],"with":[100],"conventional":[101,173],"algorithms":[102],"using":[104],"photographs":[105],"two":[107,113],"hundred":[108,117],"test":[109],"collected":[111,132],"shopping":[114],"malls.":[115],"Two":[116],"who":[119],"were":[120,125],"environments":[124],"asked":[126],"answer":[128],"questionnaires":[129],"about":[130],"photographs.":[133],"The":[134],"results":[135],"experiment":[138],"showed":[139],"that":[140],"76%":[142],"cases,":[145],"(according":[150],"volunteers'":[153],"perception)":[154],"was":[155],"correctly":[156],"predicted":[157],"approach.":[161],"This":[162],"accuracy":[163],"rate":[164],"considerably":[166],"higher":[167],"than":[168],"ones":[170],"achieved":[171],"models.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}