{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2777136623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2017.1412520","title":"Measurement of soil water content using ground-penetrating radar: a review of current methods","display_name":"Measurement of soil water content using ground-penetrating radar: a review of current methods","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2777136623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2017.1412520","mag":"2777136623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2017.1412520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2017.1412520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050665386","display_name":"Xinbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6455-9298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089564180","display_name":"Jin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-4141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081734451","display_name":"Xihong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-1995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xihong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021038002","display_name":"Qixin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-9291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681901","display_name":"Xin Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5789-7582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101742037","display_name":"Xuehong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-8649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081734451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92782653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.7786802053451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5962570905685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5251657366752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater","display_name":"Groundwater","score":0.5026276111602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.44248875975608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.428850919008255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3842023015022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.3657239079475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.31856340169906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19724297523498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.19161748886108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.08596426248550415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.7786802053451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5962570905685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5251657366752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.5026276111602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.44248875975608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.428850919008255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3842023015022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3657239079475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31856340169906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19724297523498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19161748886108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08596426248550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2017.1412520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2017.1412520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c95a0eee36a4db486b2eba2bfd9c878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c95a0eee36a4db486b2eba2bfd9c878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 95-118 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6032293129","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u63a2\u5730\u96f7\u8fbe\u7684\u704c\u4e1b\u7fa4\u843d\u6839\u7cfb\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u8349\u539f\u704c\u4e1b\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41571404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323659","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607343387","https://openalex.org/W935028985","https://openalex.org/W1643664725","https://openalex.org/W1646675738","https://openalex.org/W1654591569","https://openalex.org/W1666001582","https://openalex.org/W1668122576","https://openalex.org/W1897266907","https://openalex.org/W1956332570","https://openalex.org/W1966141910","https://openalex.org/W1966883763","https://openalex.org/W1967180265","https://openalex.org/W1967303391","https://openalex.org/W1968351819","https://openalex.org/W1968563704","https://openalex.org/W1969264542","https://openalex.org/W1974005137","https://openalex.org/W1979215245","https://openalex.org/W1983794573","https://openalex.org/W1989583308","https://openalex.org/W1989966121","https://openalex.org/W1992592820","https://openalex.org/W1997769587","https://openalex.org/W1998329172","https://openalex.org/W1998742682","https://openalex.org/W2008342147","https://openalex.org/W2009031730","https://openalex.org/W2009847233","https://openalex.org/W2010267385","https://openalex.org/W2012156385","https://openalex.org/W2021756801","https://openalex.org/W2021765748","https://openalex.org/W2022418518","https://openalex.org/W2023745812","https://openalex.org/W2023852903","https://openalex.org/W2024897132","https://openalex.org/W2026070190","https://openalex.org/W2026894221","https://openalex.org/W2028304417","https://openalex.org/W2028979033","https://openalex.org/W2031061820","https://openalex.org/W2033689541","https://openalex.org/W2033953740","https://openalex.org/W2034526645","https://openalex.org/W2035915475","https://openalex.org/W2039950890","https://openalex.org/W2040595082","https://openalex.org/W2041154953","https://openalex.org/W2041376681","https://openalex.org/W2041753257","https://openalex.org/W2043966779","https://openalex.org/W2045926009","https://openalex.org/W2047199896","https://openalex.org/W2047231326","https://openalex.org/W2050993314","https://openalex.org/W2051785777","https://openalex.org/W2052117950","https://openalex.org/W2053280365","https://openalex.org/W2058874706","https://openalex.org/W2063677640","https://openalex.org/W2063835512","https://openalex.org/W2064490906","https://openalex.org/W2065246856","https://openalex.org/W2067670595","https://openalex.org/W2070817134","https://openalex.org/W2074856897","https://openalex.org/W2078611634","https://openalex.org/W2078665009","https://openalex.org/W2083201140","https://openalex.org/W2085061837","https://openalex.org/W2090954571","https://openalex.org/W2094655759","https://openalex.org/W2094777054","https://openalex.org/W2102243861","https://openalex.org/W2102566310","https://openalex.org/W2107710372","https://openalex.org/W2108651704","https://openalex.org/W2110365961","https://openalex.org/W2113769572","https://openalex.org/W2115011614","https://openalex.org/W2122428136","https://openalex.org/W2122462415","https://openalex.org/W2125282090","https://openalex.org/W2127549405","https://openalex.org/W2128580630","https://openalex.org/W2128828969","https://openalex.org/W2129612765","https://openalex.org/W2131028277","https://openalex.org/W2133441824","https://openalex.org/W2137454227","https://openalex.org/W2143124469","https://openalex.org/W2143390819","https://openalex.org/W2143695072","https://openalex.org/W2144535965","https://openalex.org/W2147625840","https://openalex.org/W2151681972","https://openalex.org/W2153920003","https://openalex.org/W2156287162","https://openalex.org/W2159598897","https://openalex.org/W2184319320","https://openalex.org/W2213719542","https://openalex.org/W2312781993","https://openalex.org/W2319595299","https://openalex.org/W2332422343","https://openalex.org/W2343937495","https://openalex.org/W2401477020","https://openalex.org/W2463596230","https://openalex.org/W2500684492","https://openalex.org/W2513994732","https://openalex.org/W2548207420","https://openalex.org/W2614313391","https://openalex.org/W2615209976","https://openalex.org/W2616412532","https://openalex.org/W2736642750","https://openalex.org/W2970271716","https://openalex.org/W3120274820","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W4234105126","https://openalex.org/W4250621896","https://openalex.org/W4253770764","https://openalex.org/W4292334785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W3090858966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"water":[1],"content":[2],"(SWC)":[3],"is":[4,116],"a":[5,23,33],"crucial":[6,136],"parameter":[7],"in":[8,26,49,60,69,105,160],"ecology,":[9],"agriculture,":[10],"hydrology,":[11],"and":[12,46,90,98,122,130,149,158,162],"engineering":[13],"studies.":[14],"Research":[15],"on":[16],"non-invasive":[17],"monitoring":[18],"of":[19,40,100],"SWC":[20,50,72],"has":[21,37,56],"been":[22,57],"long-lasting":[24],"topic":[25],"these":[27,101],"fields.":[28],"Ground":[29],"penetrating":[30],"radar":[31],"(GPR),":[32],"non-destructive":[34],"geophysical":[35],"technique,":[36],"the":[38,66,113],"advantages":[39],"high":[41,47],"resolution,":[42],"deep":[43],"detection":[44],"depth,":[45],"efficiency":[48],"measurements":[51],"at":[52],"medium":[53],"scale.":[54],"It":[55],"successfully":[58],"applied":[59],"field":[61,150],"investigations.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"summarizes":[65],"recent":[67],"progress":[68],"developing":[70],"GPR-based":[71],"measurement":[73],"methods,":[74,115],"including":[75],"reflected":[76],"wave,":[77,79],"ground":[78],"surface":[80],"reflection,":[81],"borehole":[82],"GPR,":[83],"full":[84],"waveform":[85],"inversion,":[86],"average":[87],"envelope":[88],"amplitude,":[89],"frequency":[91],"shift":[92],"methods.":[93],"The":[94,140],"principles,":[95],"advantages,":[96],"limitations,":[97],"applications":[99],"methods":[102,142],"are":[103,133,152,166],"described":[104],"detail.":[106],"A":[107],"comprehensive":[108],"technical":[109],"framework,":[110],"which":[111],"comprises":[112],"seven":[114],"proposed":[117],"to":[118,137],"understand":[119],"their":[120],"principles":[121],"applicability.":[123],"Two":[124],"key":[125],"procedures,":[126],"namely,":[127],"data":[128,131,163],"acquisition":[129],"processing,":[132],"emphasized":[134],"as":[135],"method":[138],"applications.":[139],"suitable":[141],"that":[143],"will":[144],"satisfy":[145],"diverse":[146],"application":[147],"demands":[148],"conditions":[151],"recommended.":[153],"Future":[154],"development,":[155],"potential":[156],"applications,":[157],"advances":[159],"hardware":[161],"processing":[164],"techniques":[165],"also":[167],"highlighted.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}