{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385469113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2023.2243460","title":"Investigating collision patterns to support autonomous driving safety","display_name":"Investigating collision patterns to support autonomous driving safety","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385469113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2023.2243460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17517575.2023.2243460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2023.2243460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24861202","display_name":"Enterprise Information Systems","issn_l":"1751-7575","issn":["1751-7575","1751-7583"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Enterprise Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/162276/1/Revised_manuscript_with_author_details_20230319%20_deposit.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072574076","display_name":"Carmen Kar Hang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8878-939X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8696757","display_name":"Singapore University of Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01s57k749","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}],"countries":["GB","SG","TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Kar Hang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore","Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, United Kingdom","Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","ORCA -Online Research","School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8878-939X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCA -Online Research","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101463474","display_name":"K.H. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-0287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8696757","display_name":"Singapore University of Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01s57k749","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}],"countries":["GB","SG","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Ka Ho Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, United Kingdom","Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","ORCA -Online Research","School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494","School of Business, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCA -Online Research","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059192402","display_name":"Ying Kei Tse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-0326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8696757","display_name":"Singapore University of Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01s57k749","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}],"countries":["GB","SG","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Kei Tse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, United Kingdom","Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","ORCA -Online Research","School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494","School of Business, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-0326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCA -Online Research","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052078483","display_name":"Yu\u2010Chung Tsao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8696757","display_name":"Singapore University of Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01s57k749","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}],"countries":["GB","SG","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chung Tsao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, United Kingdom","Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","ORCA -Online Research","School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494","School of Business, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management School, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCA -Online Research","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8696757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072574076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781","https://openalex.org/I154864474","https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I8696757"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2826,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49317206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8413114547729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.7881122827529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-rule-learning","display_name":"Association rule learning","score":0.7065579295158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5918720364570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.5659304261207581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.5520513653755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.4744338095188141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4730488359928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accident","display_name":"Accident (philosophy)","score":0.43793734908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4103517234325409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3774174451828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2778511345386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23073402047157288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.16224348545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1000126302242279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8413114547729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.7881122827529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193524817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780","display_name":"Association rule learning","level":2,"score":0.7065579295158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5918720364570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.5659304261207581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.5520513653755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4744338095188141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4730488359928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424630","display_name":"Accident (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43793734908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4103517234325409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3774174451828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2778511345386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23073402047157288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16224348545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1000126302242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17517575.2023.2243460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2023.2243460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24861202","display_name":"Enterprise Information Systems","issn_l":"1751-7575","issn":["1751-7575","1751-7583"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Enterprise Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:162276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/162276/1/Revised_manuscript_with_author_details_20230319%20_deposit.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca-dev.cardiff.ac.uk:162276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/162276/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:162276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/162276/1/Revised_manuscript_with_author_details_20230319%20_deposit.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385469113.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506285740","https://openalex.org/W2080911646","https://openalex.org/W2082512129","https://openalex.org/W2153008989","https://openalex.org/W2163615327","https://openalex.org/W2180157113","https://openalex.org/W2525936901","https://openalex.org/W2528310117","https://openalex.org/W2566243177","https://openalex.org/W2600781748","https://openalex.org/W2747470660","https://openalex.org/W2755893646","https://openalex.org/W2795976486","https://openalex.org/W2799531203","https://openalex.org/W2799580819","https://openalex.org/W2800744343","https://openalex.org/W2831552117","https://openalex.org/W2895724823","https://openalex.org/W2907176255","https://openalex.org/W2912493354","https://openalex.org/W2913593077","https://openalex.org/W2939426106","https://openalex.org/W2963059304","https://openalex.org/W2985526402","https://openalex.org/W3043908408","https://openalex.org/W3081075281","https://openalex.org/W3082702860","https://openalex.org/W3088861163","https://openalex.org/W3101660517","https://openalex.org/W3135693734","https://openalex.org/W3162155731","https://openalex.org/W3165913709","https://openalex.org/W3168508341","https://openalex.org/W3213205673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W2806259446","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4247136043","https://openalex.org/W4312407344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,55],"a":[2],"debate":[3],"on":[4],"the":[5,12,25,31,58,67],"importance":[6],"of":[7,33],"autonomous":[8],"vehicles":[9],"(AVs)":[10],"and":[11,30],"methods":[13],"for":[14],"ensuring":[15],"AV":[16,37,72,97],"safety.":[17,98],"This":[18,74],"paper":[19],"analyses":[20],"collision":[21,78],"reports":[22],"to":[23,35,39,46,65,95],"determine":[24],"association":[26],"between":[27],"risk":[28],"factors":[29,68],"level":[32],"damage":[34],"an":[36],"due":[38],"collisions.":[40],"Association":[41],"rule":[42],"mining":[43],"was":[44],"used":[45],"develop":[47],"methodologies":[48],"that":[49,69,77,91],"can":[50,87],"advance":[51],"result":[52],"interpretability,":[53],"which":[54],"crucial":[56],"in":[57],"transportation":[59],"field.":[60],"Twenty-one":[61],"rules":[62],"were":[63],"discovered":[64],"reveal":[66],"co-occur":[70],"with":[71],"damage.":[73],"study":[75],"demonstrates":[76],"data,":[79],"when":[80],"analysed":[81],"using":[82],"appropriate":[83],"machine":[84],"learning":[85],"algorithms,":[86],"generate":[88],"useful":[89],"insights":[90],"complement":[92],"current":[93],"policies":[94],"enhance":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}