{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223443923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2022.2059587","title":"Towards a standardized workflow for creating high-definition maps for highly automated shuttles","display_name":"Towards a standardized workflow for creating high-definition maps for highly automated shuttles","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223443923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2022.2059587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17489725.2022.2059587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2022.2059587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96696709","display_name":"Journal of Location Based Services","issn_l":"1748-9725","issn":["1748-9725","1748-9733"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Location Based Services","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006223324","display_name":"Karl Rehrl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-5867"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Rehrl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Salzburg Research, Salzburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-5867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salzburg Research, Salzburg, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112749055","display_name":"Simon Groechenig","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Groechenig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Salzburg Research, Salzburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-1627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Salzburg Research, Salzburg, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014412145","display_name":"Thomas Piribauer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Piribauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prisma solutions, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prisma solutions, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019815275","display_name":"Roland Spielhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-2371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Spielhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084501313","display_name":"Patrick Weissensteiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6660-1990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112585","display_name":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/029rc9g37","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112585"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Weissensteiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006223324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66450375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"119","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.8841902017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8219109773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.7478675842285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6126962900161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4766862392425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.43099868297576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3766480088233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3523695766925812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.31400227546691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20388349890708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1520344316959381}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.8841902017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8219109773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7478675842285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6126962900161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4766862392425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.43099868297576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3766480088233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3523695766925812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.31400227546691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20388349890708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1520344316959381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17489725.2022.2059587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2022.2059587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96696709","display_name":"Journal of Location Based Services","issn_l":"1748-9725","issn":["1748-9725","1748-9733"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Location Based Services","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W955541705","https://openalex.org/W1975315658","https://openalex.org/W1989185123","https://openalex.org/W2032924574","https://openalex.org/W2076372637","https://openalex.org/W2119547146","https://openalex.org/W2566243177","https://openalex.org/W2603128835","https://openalex.org/W2612874451","https://openalex.org/W2789825783","https://openalex.org/W2896030454","https://openalex.org/W2896070241","https://openalex.org/W2900594503","https://openalex.org/W2902218628","https://openalex.org/W2904793658","https://openalex.org/W2905509562","https://openalex.org/W2971092880","https://openalex.org/W3024444560","https://openalex.org/W3118743384","https://openalex.org/W3134298700","https://openalex.org/W3138655943","https://openalex.org/W3178544809","https://openalex.org/W3197978406","https://openalex.org/W4210512391","https://openalex.org/W4238423424","https://openalex.org/W4240425760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241523039","https://openalex.org/W178231042","https://openalex.org/W2360028903","https://openalex.org/W4280543773","https://openalex.org/W2366083136","https://openalex.org/W2387622493","https://openalex.org/W1932132538","https://openalex.org/W2357832196","https://openalex.org/W1566252468","https://openalex.org/W2362452928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,60,75,78,83,120,158],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"connected":[4],"and":[5,95,128,144,149,152],"automated":[6,15,21],"driving":[7,46,61],"(CAD)":[8],"has":[9],"gained":[10],"considerable":[11],"attention.":[12],"For":[13],"example,":[14],"shuttles,":[16],"a":[17,44,54,63,86,97,104,134,170],"specific":[18],"category":[19],"of":[20,59,77,119,131],"vehicles":[22],"(AVs),":[23],"intend":[24],"driverless":[25],"operation":[26],"for":[27,49,102,107,116,190,194],"passenger":[28],"or":[29],"goods":[30],"transport":[31],"in":[32,109],"constrained":[33,110],"operational":[34],"design":[35],"domains":[36],"(ODDs).":[37],"So":[38],"far,":[39],"these":[40],"shuttles":[41],"predominately":[42],"follow":[43],"static":[45],"path,":[47],"but":[48],"reaching":[50],"higher":[51],"automation":[52],"levels,":[53],"more":[55],"comprehensive":[56],"digital":[57],"representation":[58],"environment,":[62],"so-called":[64],"high-definition":[65],"(HD)":[66],"map":[67,106,140,177],"is":[68,89,178],"needed.":[69],"However,":[70],"when":[71],"it":[72],"comes":[73],"to":[74,157],"definition":[76,118],"scope":[79,121],"as":[80,82,146,188],"well":[81],"composition":[84,141],"workflow,":[85],"common":[87],"method":[88],"missing.":[90],"The":[91,112,162,174],"current":[92],"work":[93],"proposes":[94],"evaluates":[96],"4-steps":[98],"workflow":[99,113],"including":[100],"sub-workflows":[101,115],"creating":[103,191],"HD":[105,139,176,192],"AVs":[108],"ODDs.":[111],"includes":[114],"(1)":[117],"based":[122],"on":[123,169],"use":[124,160],"cases,":[125],"(2)":[126],"mapping":[127],"semi-automatic":[129],"extraction":[130],"objects":[132],"from":[133],"LIDAR":[135],"point":[136],"cloud,":[137],"(3)":[138],"with":[142,155,180],"OpenDRIVE\u00ae":[143],"Lanelet2":[145],"target":[147],"formats":[148],"(4)":[150],"testing":[151],"iterative":[153],"refinement":[154],"respect":[156],"intended":[159],"cases.":[161],"workflows":[163],"are":[164],"evaluated":[165,179],"by":[166],"applying":[167],"them":[168],"2-km-long":[171],"test":[172],"track.":[173],"resulting":[175],"two":[181],"different":[182],"case":[183],"studies.":[184],"Results":[185],"may":[186],"serve":[187],"guidelines":[189],"maps":[193],"AV":[195],"trials.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}