{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216104592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2021.2006347","title":"Landmark selection preferences of young students under orientation task within street environment","display_name":"Landmark selection preferences of young students under orientation task within street environment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216104592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2021.2006347","mag":"3216104592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17489725.2021.2006347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2021.2006347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96696709","display_name":"Journal of Location Based Services","issn_l":"1748-9725","issn":["1748-9725","1748-9733"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Location Based Services","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033711071","display_name":"Zhixiang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-878X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-878X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107746743","display_name":"Lubin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8386-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101996757","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9591-7748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012288206","display_name":"Fangli Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-2129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangli Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033711071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18274701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"245","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9664000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9559000134468079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.8352054357528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6916993260383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6637182831764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6477622985839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6047584414482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5299590229988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26525717973709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07560133934020996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.8352054357528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6916993260383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6637182831764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6477622985839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6047584414482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5299590229988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26525717973709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07560133934020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17489725.2021.2006347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2021.2006347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96696709","display_name":"Journal of Location Based Services","issn_l":"1748-9725","issn":["1748-9725","1748-9733"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Location Based Services","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4765969998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1058112597","https://openalex.org/W1480883159","https://openalex.org/W1507563178","https://openalex.org/W1544772936","https://openalex.org/W1565108365","https://openalex.org/W1620043111","https://openalex.org/W1968879707","https://openalex.org/W1980872084","https://openalex.org/W1981423112","https://openalex.org/W1985348174","https://openalex.org/W1992501660","https://openalex.org/W2004386679","https://openalex.org/W2006488799","https://openalex.org/W2010566104","https://openalex.org/W2019224054","https://openalex.org/W2033988733","https://openalex.org/W2039039191","https://openalex.org/W2046863527","https://openalex.org/W2051276428","https://openalex.org/W2068960626","https://openalex.org/W2080493348","https://openalex.org/W2085412583","https://openalex.org/W2090795630","https://openalex.org/W2112404266","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2129381380","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2169363768","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2501848159","https://openalex.org/W2547750128","https://openalex.org/W2558607242","https://openalex.org/W2560858756","https://openalex.org/W2562886509","https://openalex.org/W2594159138","https://openalex.org/W2613284844","https://openalex.org/W2757787785","https://openalex.org/W2773259001","https://openalex.org/W2792727250","https://openalex.org/W2810065493","https://openalex.org/W2810218536","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913048521","https://openalex.org/W2946374225","https://openalex.org/W2947376266","https://openalex.org/W2974356475","https://openalex.org/W2995635323","https://openalex.org/W3000059977","https://openalex.org/W3001620969","https://openalex.org/W3006917693","https://openalex.org/W3008066432","https://openalex.org/W3008733250","https://openalex.org/W3010031539","https://openalex.org/W3015865106","https://openalex.org/W3026469838","https://openalex.org/W3033728309","https://openalex.org/W3036969376","https://openalex.org/W3046991306","https://openalex.org/W3090613604","https://openalex.org/W3094240279","https://openalex.org/W3112040809","https://openalex.org/W3128925517","https://openalex.org/W3185363688","https://openalex.org/W3197305704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2026924879","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W2052388267","https://openalex.org/W2075933280","https://openalex.org/W2389015757","https://openalex.org/W3196817267","https://openalex.org/W1976600725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Landmarks":[0],"are":[1,25,117],"important":[2],"spatial":[3,15],"reference":[4,191],"in":[5,72,139,150,180],"orientation":[6,59,77,131],"because":[7],"they":[8],"can":[9,47,187],"help":[10],"pedestrians":[11],"understand":[12,66],"the":[13,32,70,95,127,159],"relative":[14],"relationship":[16],"between":[17],"environment":[18,82],"and":[19,126,156,164,173],"themselves,":[20],"yet":[21],"not":[22],"all":[23],"landmarks":[24,50,116,138],"suitable":[26],"for":[27,91,124,192],"orientation.":[28],"Pedestrians":[29],"usually":[30],"select":[31],"proper":[33],"ones":[34],"based":[35],"on":[36,94,130],"their":[37],"own":[38],"cognition,":[39],"which":[40],"is":[41],"a":[42,56,102,147,189],"time-consuming":[43],"process.":[44],"If":[45],"we":[46],"predict":[48],"popular":[49,108,137,151],"(preferred":[51],"by":[52,134],"most":[53,140],"people)":[54],"from":[55],"first-person":[57],"perspective,":[58],"will":[60],"be":[61],"much":[62],"easier.":[63],"To":[64],"better":[65],"landmark":[67,152,168],"selection":[68,96],"behaviour,":[69],"research":[71],"this":[73,98],"paper":[74,99],"designs":[75],"an":[76],"experiment":[78],"within":[79],"virtual":[80],"street":[81],"to":[83,106,119],"investigate":[84],"young":[85,121,182],"students":[86],"aged":[87],"21\u201331":[88],"about":[89],"preferences":[90],"landmarks.":[92,109],"Based":[93],"results,":[97],"further":[100],"constructs":[101],"random":[103],"forest":[104],"model":[105,145],"choose":[107],"Results":[110],"indicate":[111],"that":[112],"one":[113],"or":[114],"two":[115],"enough":[118],"meet":[120],"students\u2019":[122,183],"needs":[123],"orientation,":[125],"time":[128],"spent":[129],"significantly":[132],"reduces":[133],"using":[135],"chosen":[136],"scenes.":[141],"In":[142],"addition,":[143],"classification":[144],"achieves":[146],"desirable":[148],"performance":[149],"selection:":[153],"F1":[154],"score":[155],"AUC":[157],"of":[158],"predictive":[160],"results":[161],"reached":[162],"0.820":[163],"0.855,":[165],"respectively,":[166],"where":[167],"route":[169],"deviation,":[170],"visual":[171],"salience":[172,175],"semantic":[174],"serve":[176],"as":[177],"essential":[178],"factors":[179],"influencing":[181],"selection.":[184],"These":[185],"findings":[186],"provide":[188],"feasible":[190],"optimising":[193],"pedestrian":[194],"navigation":[195],"system.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}