{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883153832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477778.2018.1489936","title":"Extending Gaussian process emulation using cluster analysis and artificial neural networks to fit big training sets","display_name":"Extending Gaussian process emulation using cluster analysis and artificial neural networks to fit big training sets","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883153832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477778.2018.1489936","mag":"2883153832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17477778.2018.1489936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477778.2018.1489936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207180383","display_name":"Journal of Simulation","issn_l":"1747-7778","issn":["1747-7778","1747-7786","1774-7786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018821945","display_name":"Wim De Mulder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1104-0668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wim De Mulder","raw_affiliation_strings":["L-BioStat, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L-BioStat, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045705017","display_name":"Bernhard Rengs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-5343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317774081","display_name":"International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/02wfhk785","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317774081"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Rengs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/\u00d6AW, WU), VID/\u00d6AW, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/\u00d6AW, WU), VID/\u00d6AW, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317774081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040115712","display_name":"Geert Molenberghs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-5448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert Molenberghs","raw_affiliation_strings":["I-BioStat, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium","L-BioStat, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-5448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"I-BioStat, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"L-BioStat, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072652415","display_name":"Thomas Fent","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317774081","display_name":"International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/02wfhk785","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317774081"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Fent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/\u00d6AW, WU), VID/\u00d6AW, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/\u00d6AW, WU), VID/\u00d6AW, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317774081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012712033","display_name":"Geert Verbeke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-7576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert Verbeke","raw_affiliation_strings":["I-BioStat, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium","L-BioStat, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-7576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"I-BioStat, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"L-BioStat, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045705017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317774081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72806226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"195","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.9279200434684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8047701120376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6909821629524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.5467681884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5407995581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4795931875705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4569012522697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45105400681495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4172281324863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.40659618377685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3794482350349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37521785497665405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.9279200434684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8047701120376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6909821629524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.5467681884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5407995581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4795931875705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4569012522697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45105400681495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4172281324863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.40659618377685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3794482350349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37521785497665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17477778.2018.1489936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477778.2018.1489936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207180383","display_name":"Journal of Simulation","issn_l":"1747-7778","issn":["1747-7778","1747-7786","1774-7786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tjsmxx:v:13:y:2019:i:3:p:195-208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/17477778.2018.1489936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:documentserver.uhasselt.be:1942/29854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1942/29854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401926","display_name":"Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","host_organization_name":"Hasselt University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/626434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/626434/2/541.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Simulation, vol. 13 (3), (1-14)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94052953","https://openalex.org/W1599740911","https://openalex.org/W1794957547","https://openalex.org/W1914588449","https://openalex.org/W1979003656","https://openalex.org/W1990178414","https://openalex.org/W1991788899","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W2004807582","https://openalex.org/W2013627498","https://openalex.org/W2025357764","https://openalex.org/W2040932457","https://openalex.org/W2049312801","https://openalex.org/W2066561552","https://openalex.org/W2080006911","https://openalex.org/W2092271904","https://openalex.org/W2114060717","https://openalex.org/W2119813181","https://openalex.org/W2124033300","https://openalex.org/W2125107816","https://openalex.org/W2135284547","https://openalex.org/W2135892144","https://openalex.org/W2142548216","https://openalex.org/W2155708504","https://openalex.org/W2283942731","https://openalex.org/W2363930778","https://openalex.org/W2493640907","https://openalex.org/W2499582061","https://openalex.org/W3011439212","https://openalex.org/W4233484125","https://openalex.org/W4255325693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154523322","https://openalex.org/W2083200807","https://openalex.org/W2364195017","https://openalex.org/W2049983405","https://openalex.org/W2355430452","https://openalex.org/W1603137082","https://openalex.org/W2392315374","https://openalex.org/W1951195060","https://openalex.org/W2169866437","https://openalex.org/W1964286703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gaussian":[0],"process":[1],"(GP)":[2],"emulation":[3,34,60],"is":[4,44],"a":[5,12,16,111,117,128,132,147],"relatively":[6],"recent":[7],"statistical":[8],"technique":[9],"that":[10],"provides":[11],"fast-running":[13],"approximation":[14],"to":[15,48,64,109],"complex":[17],"computer":[18,142],"model,":[19],"given":[20],"training":[21,42,67,73,82],"data":[22,113],"generated":[23],"by":[24,69,115],"the":[25,41,53,72,91,136,141],"considered":[26],"model.":[27],"Despite":[28],"its":[29],"sound":[30],"theoretical":[31],"foundation,":[32],"GP":[33,59],"falls":[35],"short":[36],"in":[37,51,120,127],"practical":[38],"applications":[39],"where":[40,123,135],"dataset":[43],"very":[45],"large,":[46],"due":[47],"numerical":[49],"instabilities":[50],"inverting":[52],"correlation":[54],"matrix.":[55],"We":[56],"show":[57],"how":[58,108],"can":[61],"be":[62],"extended":[63],"handle":[65],"large":[66],"sets":[68],"first":[70],"dividing":[71],"set":[74],"into":[75,146],"smaller":[76],"subsets":[77],"using":[78,93],"cluster":[79],"analysis,":[80],"then":[81],"an":[83,94],"emulator":[84,125],"for":[85],"each":[86,124],"subset,":[87],"and":[88,131],"finally":[89],"combining":[90],"emulators":[92],"artificial":[95],"neural":[96],"network":[97],"(ANN).":[98],"Our":[99],"work":[100],"has":[101],"also":[102],"conceptual":[103],"relevance,":[104],"as":[105],"it":[106],"shows":[107],"solve":[110],"big":[112],"problem":[114],"introducing":[116],"local":[118,138],"level":[119],"input":[121],"space,":[122],"specialises":[126],"certain":[129],"subregion,":[130],"global":[133,148],"level,":[134],"identified":[137],"features":[139],"of":[140],"model":[143],"are":[144],"combined":[145],"view.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}