{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109424399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760903548325","title":"A geometric routing protocol in disruption tolerant network","display_name":"A geometric routing protocol in disruption tolerant network","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109424399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760903548325","mag":"2109424399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17445760903548325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760903548325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85375271","display_name":"International Journal of Parallel Emergent and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1744-5760","issn":["1744-5760","1744-5779"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20381/ruor-18857","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111984290","display_name":"Jingzhe Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingzhe Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","#N#            \u2020 School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#            \u2020 School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003125546","display_name":"Evangelos Kranakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8959-4428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Kranakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","#N#            \u2020 School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#            \u2020 School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048076896","display_name":"Amiya Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-0500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9374425","display_name":"Ottawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jscf286","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9374425"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amiya Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","School of Information Technology and Engineering; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I9374425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048076896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I9374425"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9035057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"489","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7005535960197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zone-routing-protocol","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","score":0.6982824206352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6624327301979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6304365396499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.6131100654602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-interior-gateway-routing-protocol","display_name":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol","score":0.5959856510162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.5750331878662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.5722165107727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5145472884178162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delaunay-triangulation","display_name":"Delaunay triangulation","score":0.5074211955070496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.45747068524360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-information-protocol","display_name":"Routing Information Protocol","score":0.44335445761680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4060850143432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.218392014503479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7005535960197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189884158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8073926","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.6982824206352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6624327301979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6304365396499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.6131100654602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87044965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091139","display_name":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.5959856510162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.5750331878662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.5722165107727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5145472884178162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68010082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192445","display_name":"Delaunay triangulation","level":2,"score":0.5074211955070496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45747068524360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7573999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207580","display_name":"Routing Information Protocol","level":5,"score":0.44335445761680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4060850143432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.218392014503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17445760903548325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760903548325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85375271","display_name":"International Journal of Parallel Emergent and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1744-5760","issn":["1744-5760","1744-5779"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.216.9468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.216.9468","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.scs.carleton.ca/~kranakis/Papers/glr09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruor.uottawa.ca:10393/27680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400902","display_name":"uO Research (University of Ottawa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","host_organization_name":"University of Ottawa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"doi:10.20381/ruor-18857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20381/ruor-18857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053184","display_name":"University of Ottawa - Library","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20381/ruor-18857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20381/ruor-18857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053184","display_name":"University of Ottawa - Library","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23100675","https://openalex.org/W1572481965","https://openalex.org/W1580839099","https://openalex.org/W1687392666","https://openalex.org/W1792893069","https://openalex.org/W1989651117","https://openalex.org/W2013491401","https://openalex.org/W2073271991","https://openalex.org/W2097625638","https://openalex.org/W2106223468","https://openalex.org/W2116485556","https://openalex.org/W2120358295","https://openalex.org/W2123825896","https://openalex.org/W2151342861","https://openalex.org/W2156689181","https://openalex.org/W2161843738","https://openalex.org/W2161888609","https://openalex.org/W2162194817","https://openalex.org/W2165983440","https://openalex.org/W2200366263","https://openalex.org/W3003535479","https://openalex.org/W4236341832","https://openalex.org/W6600103761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113081707","https://openalex.org/W2390016635","https://openalex.org/W2354758493","https://openalex.org/W2100504532","https://openalex.org/W2884568852","https://openalex.org/W1537971739","https://openalex.org/W1984869556","https://openalex.org/W2172271487","https://openalex.org/W3027586949","https://openalex.org/W2105415296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"Geometric":[2,153],"Localized":[3,154],"Routing":[4,155],"(GLR)":[5],"in":[6,36,98,124,175],"Disruption":[7],"(delay)":[8],"tolerant":[9],"networks":[10],"(DTNs).":[11],"Although":[12],"DTNs":[13],"do":[14],"not":[15],"guarantee":[16],"the":[17,20,23,89,125,138,173,176,183],"connectivity":[18],"of":[19,91,152],"network":[21],"all":[22],"time,":[24,55],"geometric":[25,56],"location":[26],"information":[27],"still":[28,63],"could":[29,64],"be":[30,65],"used":[31,66],"to":[32,67,116,129,134],"make":[33],"routing":[34,71,84,185],"decisions":[35],"a":[37,43,46,69],"store":[38],"and":[39,77,95,140],"forward":[40],"way.":[41],"When":[42],"message":[44,92],"reaches":[45],"region":[47],"where":[48],"greedy":[49],"forwarding":[50],"is":[51],"impossible":[52],"for":[53],"some":[54],"planar":[57],"spanners,":[58],"especially":[59],"local":[60,113],"Delaunay":[61,121],"triangulation":[62,122],"provide":[68],"good":[70],"graph":[72],"with":[73,141,147,160,191],"constant":[74],"stretch":[75],"factor":[76],"shorter":[78],"paths":[79],"during":[80],"communication.":[81],"Existing":[82],"DTN":[83],"protocols":[85],"either":[86],"focus":[87],"on":[88],"improvement":[90],"delivery":[93,96,106,159,168,189],"latency":[94],"ratio":[97,190],"an":[99],"impractical":[100],"way,":[101],"or":[102],"without":[103],"achieving":[104],"desirable":[105],"attributes.":[107,193],"In":[108],"this":[109],"work,":[110],"we":[111,179],"design":[112],"distributed":[114],"solutions":[115],"extract":[117],"spanning":[118],"trees":[119,139],"from":[120,127],"(DT)":[123],"direction":[126],"source":[128],"destination.":[130],"Our":[131],"protocol":[132,186],"resorts":[133],"flooding":[135],"packets":[136,144],"along":[137],"high":[142,188],"probability":[143],"are":[145],"delivered":[146],"low":[148],"delay.":[149],"The":[150],"goals":[151],"are:":[156],"(1)":[157],"fast":[158],"intelligence,":[161],"(2)":[162],"better":[163],"storage":[164],"utilization.":[165],"(3)":[166],"guaranteed":[167],"using":[169],"face":[170],"routing.":[171],"Through":[172],"implementation":[174],"NS-2":[177],"simulator,":[178],"have":[180],"shown":[181],"that":[182],"proposed":[184],"achieves":[187],"satisfied":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}