{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987403652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760701442218","title":"Hierarchical hybrid grids: achieving TERAFLOP performance on large scale finite element simulations","display_name":"Hierarchical hybrid grids: achieving TERAFLOP performance on large scale finite element simulations","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987403652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760701442218","mag":"1987403652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17445760701442218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760701442218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85375271","display_name":"International Journal of Parallel Emergent and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1744-5760","issn":["1744-5760","1744-5779"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086533896","display_name":"Benjamin Bergen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132811","display_name":"Continuum Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8c8p36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132811"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Bergen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCS-2 Continuum Dynamics, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA","Los Alamos National Laboratory, CCS-2 Continuum Dynamics, Los Alamos, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCS-2 Continuum Dynamics, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I4210132811"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, CCS-2 Continuum Dynamics, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070209050","display_name":"Gerhard Wellein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7371-3026"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Wellein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regionales Rechenzentrum Erlangen, Universit\u00e4t Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany","Regionales Rechenzentrum Erlangen, Universit\u00e4t Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regionales Rechenzentrum Erlangen, Universit\u00e4t Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regionales Rechenzentrum Erlangen, Universit\u00e4t Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107300509","display_name":"Frank H\u00fclsemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-4532"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. H\u00fclsemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["EDF R&D, Departement SINETICS , Clamart Cedex, France","Departement SINETICS, EDF R&D, Clamart Cedex, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EDF R&D, Departement SINETICS , Clamart Cedex, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement SINETICS, EDF R&D, Clamart Cedex, France#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109197540","display_name":"Ulrich R\u00fcde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. R\u00fcde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t , Erlangen, Germany","Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t , Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086533896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I4210132811"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76375618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"311","last_page":"329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10339","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10792","display_name":"Matrix Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7653391361236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.7281631231307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6922105550765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.601940929889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5443418025970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.4575064182281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4384418725967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4234775900840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4035893678665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4005361795425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3848114609718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.30300623178482056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7653391361236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.7281631231307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6922105550765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.601940929889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5443418025970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.4575064182281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4384418725967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4234775900840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4035893678665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4005361795425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3848114609718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.30300623178482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17445760701442218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760701442218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85375271","display_name":"International Journal of Parallel Emergent and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1744-5760","issn":["1744-5760","1744-5779"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648930399","https://openalex.org/W1531802798","https://openalex.org/W1539511971","https://openalex.org/W1568530854","https://openalex.org/W1575701986","https://openalex.org/W1765408465","https://openalex.org/W1774469134","https://openalex.org/W1974122416","https://openalex.org/W2057577013","https://openalex.org/W2080035108","https://openalex.org/W2100799646","https://openalex.org/W2155967587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384867379","https://openalex.org/W2329539859","https://openalex.org/W2227905990","https://openalex.org/W1582436825","https://openalex.org/W1996803181","https://openalex.org/W2979588510","https://openalex.org/W2752178021","https://openalex.org/W2783781479","https://openalex.org/W4288038714","https://openalex.org/W3145095675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"design":[1],"of":[2,35,63,96,104,117,144,169,178,205,209,226,230],"the":[3,12,36,44,60,84,89,102,111,118,141,170,176,179,206,210,231],"hierarchical":[4],"hybrid":[5],"grids":[6],"(HHG)":[7],"framework":[8],"is":[9,46,50],"motivated":[10],"by":[11,235],"desire":[13],"to":[14,29,136,139,158,188,194],"achieve":[15],"high":[16],"performance":[17,62,129,181,228],"on":[18,24,120,148],"large-scale,":[19],"parallel,":[20],"finite":[21],"element":[22],"simulations":[23],"super":[25],"computers.":[26],"In":[27,161],"order":[28],"realize":[30],"this":[31,77,162],"goal,":[32],"careful":[33],"analysis":[34,49],"low-level,":[37],"computationally":[38],"intensive":[39],"algorithms":[40,66,109],"used":[41,157,193],"in":[42,76],"implementing":[43],"library":[45],"necessary.":[47],"This":[48,152],"primarily":[51],"concerned":[52],"with":[53,110,213],"identifying":[54],"and":[55,70,88,108,115,202],"removing":[56],"bottlenecks":[57],"that":[58,131],"limit":[59],"serial":[61],"multigrid":[64],"component":[65],"such":[67],"as":[68],"smoothing":[69,198],"residual":[71],"error":[72],"calculation.":[73],"To":[74],"aid":[75],"investigation,":[78],"two":[79,180],"metrics":[80,98,127,184],"have":[81],"been":[82],"developed:":[83],"balance":[85],"metric":[86,93],"(BM),":[87],"loads":[90],"per":[91],"miss":[92],"(LPMM).":[94],"Each":[95],"these":[97,126],"makes":[99],"assumptions":[100],"about":[101],"interaction":[103],"various":[105],"data":[106,191,211],"structures":[107,192,212],"underlying":[112,207],"memory":[113],"subsystems":[114],"processors":[116],"architectures":[119,217],"which":[121],"they":[122],"are":[123,185,218],"implemented.":[124],"Applying":[125],"generates":[128],"predictions":[130],"can":[132,154],"then":[133,155,186],"be":[134,156],"compared":[135],"measured":[137],"results":[138,201,229],"determine":[140],"actual":[142],"characteristics":[143],"an":[145,167,203],"algorithm/data":[146],"structure":[147],"a":[149,196,223],"given":[150],"platform.":[151],"information":[153],"increase":[159],"performance.":[160],"paper,":[163],"we":[164,174,221],"first":[165],"present":[166,222],"overview":[168],"HHG":[171,232],"framework.":[172],"Next,":[173],"introduce":[175],"details":[177],"metrics.":[182],"These":[183],"applied":[187],"three":[189],"different":[190],"implement":[195],"Gau\u00df\u2013Seidel":[197],"algorithm.":[199],"Performance":[200],"interpretation":[204],"interactions":[208],"several":[214],"relevant":[215],"supercomputing":[216],"given.":[219],"Finally,":[220],"brief":[224],"discussion":[225],"some":[227,236],"framework,":[233],"followed":[234],"concluding":[237],"remarks.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
