{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282972724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2022.2085703","title":"Re-configurable, expandable, and cost-effective heterogeneous FPGA cluster approach for resource-constrained data analysis","display_name":"Re-configurable, expandable, and cost-effective heterogeneous FPGA cluster approach for resource-constrained data analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282972724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2022.2085703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17445760.2022.2085703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2022.2085703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85375271","display_name":"International Journal of Parallel Emergent and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1744-5760","issn":["1744-5760","1744-5779"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069923368","display_name":"Dulana Rupanetti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161515732","display_name":"University of St. Thomas - Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/05vfxvp80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dulana Rupanetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005484411","display_name":"Hassan Salamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-1702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161515732","display_name":"University of St. Thomas - Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/05vfxvp80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Salamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112570377","display_name":"Cheol-Hong Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1495-2976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161515732","display_name":"University of St. Thomas - Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/05vfxvp80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheol-Hong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084404179","display_name":"Kundan Nepal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-3393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161515732","display_name":"University of St. Thomas - Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/05vfxvp80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kundan Nepal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005484411"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05938198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"6","first_page":"696","last_page":"713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7320431470870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6487573981285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.6174222826957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.5443635582923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4424162805080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.29063549637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10464072227478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.10142365097999573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7320431470870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6487573981285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.6174222826957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5443635582923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4424162805080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.29063549637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10464072227478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.10142365097999573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17445760.2022.2085703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760.2022.2085703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85375271","display_name":"International Journal of Parallel Emergent and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1744-5760","issn":["1744-5760","1744-5779"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502544429","https://openalex.org/W1597532483","https://openalex.org/W1972363527","https://openalex.org/W1978507093","https://openalex.org/W1990315422","https://openalex.org/W2008241424","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2114367267","https://openalex.org/W2154815337","https://openalex.org/W2271624625","https://openalex.org/W2559305746","https://openalex.org/W2583383421","https://openalex.org/W3002469388","https://openalex.org/W3003676114","https://openalex.org/W6682934876","https://openalex.org/W6969259846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W1967938402","https://openalex.org/W2386041993","https://openalex.org/W1608572506","https://openalex.org/W2160474882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Field":[0],"programmable":[1],"gate":[2],"arrays":[3],"(FPGAs)":[4],"have":[5,70],"become":[6],"widely":[7,43],"prevalent":[8],"in":[9,45,79,158,207,274,292,302],"recent":[10],"years":[11],"as":[12,22,34,48,225],"a":[13,23,35,63,120,153,174,188,226,242,256,267,311],"great":[14],"alternative":[15,26],"to":[16,27,67,76,108,118,126,144,151,166,178,195,213,222,245,282,307],"application-specific":[17],"integrated":[18],"circuits":[19],"(ASIC)":[20],"and":[21,52,92,101,182,197,231,249,258,270,288],"potentially":[24],"cheap":[25],"expensive":[28],"graphics":[29],"processing":[30,59],"units":[31],"(GPUs).":[32],"Introduced":[33],"prototyping":[36],"solution":[37],"for":[38,99],"ASIC,":[39],"FPGAs":[40,69,98,273],"are":[41],"now":[42],"popular":[44],"applications":[46,103],"such":[47],"artificial":[49],"intelligence":[50],"(AI)":[51],"machine":[53,135],"learning":[54,136],"(ML)":[55],"models":[56],"that":[57,104,298],"require":[58],"data":[60],"rapidly.":[61],"As":[62],"relatively":[64,146],"low-cost":[65],"option":[66],"GPUs,":[68],"the":[71,109,128,131,162,180,193,199,211,229,236,239,247,252,294,299],"advantage":[72],"of":[73,111,123,130,134,170,228,238,251,272],"being":[74],"reprogrammed":[75],"be":[77,223],"used":[78,224,291],"almost":[80],"any":[81,215],"data-driven":[82],"application.":[83,114],"In":[84],"this":[85,208,303],"work,":[86,241],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"an":[89,142,183,219],"easily":[90,106],"scalable":[91],"cost-effective":[93],"cluster-based":[94],"co-processing":[95],"system":[96,122,163,200,301],"using":[97],"ML":[100],"AI":[102],"is":[105,117],"reconfigured":[107],"requirements":[110],"each":[112],"user":[113],"The":[115,204],"aim":[116],"introduce":[119],"clustering":[121],"FPGA":[124,148,167,184,216],"boards":[125,150],"improve":[127],"efficiency":[129],"training":[132],"component":[133],"algorithms.":[137],"Our":[138],"proposed":[139,206,240,253,300],"configuration":[140],"provides":[141],"opportunity":[143],"utilise":[145,214],"inexpensive":[147],"development":[149],"produce":[152],"cluster":[154,181,185,230],"without":[155,201],"expert":[156],"knowledge":[157],"VHDL,":[159],"Verilog,":[160],"or":[161],"designs":[164],"related":[165],"development.":[168],"Consisting":[169],"two":[171,275],"parts":[172],"\u2013":[173,255],"computer-based":[175],"host":[176],"application":[177],"control":[179],"connected":[186],"through":[187],"high-speed":[189],"Ethernet":[190,220],"switch,":[191],"allows":[192],"users":[194],"customise":[196],"adapt":[198],"much":[202],"effort.":[203],"methods":[205],"paper":[209],"provide":[210],"ability":[212],"board":[217],"with":[218,263,314],"port":[221],"part":[227],"unboundedly":[232],"scaled.":[233],"To":[234],"demonstrate":[235,246],"effectiveness":[237],"two-part":[243],"experiment":[244],"flexibility":[248],"portability":[250],"work":[254,304],"homogeneous":[257],"heterogeneous":[259],"cluster,":[260],"was":[261],"conducted":[262],"results":[264],"compared":[265],"against":[266],"desktop":[268],"computer":[269,313],"combinations":[271],"clusters.":[276],"Data":[277],"sets":[278],"ranging":[279],"from":[280],"60,000":[281],"14":[283],"million,":[284],"including":[285],"stroke":[286],"prediction":[287],"covid-19,":[289],"were":[290],"conducting":[293],"experiments.":[295],"Results":[296],"suggest":[297],"performs":[305],"close":[306],"70%":[308],"faster":[309],"than":[310],"traditional":[312],"similar":[315],"accuracy":[316],"rates.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}