{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083500770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15567280802558818","title":"Nostega: A Novel Noiseless Steganography Paradigm","display_name":"Nostega: A Novel Noiseless Steganography Paradigm","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083500770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15567280802558818","mag":"2083500770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15567280802558818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15567280802558818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127916260","display_name":"Journal of Digital Forensic Practice","issn_l":"1556-7281","issn":["1556-7281","1556-7346"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Forensic Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087327461","display_name":"Abdelrahman Desoky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Desoky","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA","Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087327461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1946,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92241712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"132","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.9528182744979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.7894570827484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7620220184326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.6817596554756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6340247392654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.6146242022514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.6059930324554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5600963830947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography-tools","display_name":"Steganography tools","score":0.510789155960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5013706684112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2963574528694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16881734132766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.12007635831832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07353579998016357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.9528182744979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.7894570827484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7620220184326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6817596554756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6340247392654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.6146242022514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.6059930324554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5600963830947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.510789155960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5013706684112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2963574528694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16881734132766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.12007635831832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07353579998016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15567280802558818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15567280802558818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127916260","display_name":"Journal of Digital Forensic Practice","issn_l":"1556-7281","issn":["1556-7281","1556-7346"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Forensic Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cdm16629.contentdm.oclc.org:ETD/432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cdm16629.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/432","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Desoky_umbc_0434D_10117.pdf","raw_type":"dissertation"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500538633","https://openalex.org/W1516983852","https://openalex.org/W1546885574","https://openalex.org/W1565070293","https://openalex.org/W1579876420","https://openalex.org/W1750309227","https://openalex.org/W1875778174","https://openalex.org/W1993914142","https://openalex.org/W2021806119","https://openalex.org/W2032966520","https://openalex.org/W2041378601","https://openalex.org/W2109610638","https://openalex.org/W2115668743","https://openalex.org/W2123671594","https://openalex.org/W2124890704","https://openalex.org/W2125723791","https://openalex.org/W2133989741","https://openalex.org/W2157823837","https://openalex.org/W2181849526","https://openalex.org/W2912142077","https://openalex.org/W3021615819","https://openalex.org/W3022775734","https://openalex.org/W6683060051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154118756","https://openalex.org/W129330134","https://openalex.org/W1965991389","https://openalex.org/W2166431153","https://openalex.org/W2158736088","https://openalex.org/W1659544335","https://openalex.org/W2370747589","https://openalex.org/W1974279004","https://openalex.org/W1716757876","https://openalex.org/W2093508258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Steganography":[1],"is":[2,27,36,63,69],"the":[3,19,25,43,72,79,122,141,157,172],"science":[4],"and":[5,83],"art":[6],"of":[7,21,30,107,143,168,190],"covert":[8,132],"communications.":[9],"When":[10],"using":[11],"a":[12,22,34,50,58,66,74,104,128,151,166,183],"steganographic":[13,123],"approach,":[14],"if":[15],"an":[16,61],"adversary":[17],"suspects":[18],"existence":[20],"hidden":[23],"message":[24,184],"approach":[26],"defeated":[28],"regardless":[29],"whether":[31],"or":[32],"not":[33,180],"plaintext":[35],"revealed.":[37],"Contemporary":[38],"steganography":[39,136,192],"approaches":[40,100],"found":[41],"in":[42,87,95,150,165,171],"literature":[44],"often":[45],"hide":[46],"data":[47,149,170],"by":[48],"altering":[49],"text,":[51],"image,":[52],"audio,":[53],"etc.,":[54,115],"that":[55,68,139],"serves":[56],"as":[57,110],"cover.":[59,174],"Although,":[60],"alteration":[62],"still":[64],"considered":[65],"noise":[67,152],"introduced":[70],"to":[71,77,85,89,103,120],"cover,":[73],"sender":[75],"opts":[76],"make":[78],"alterations":[80],"look":[81],"subtle":[82],"hard":[84],"detect,":[86],"order":[88],"avert":[90],"suspicion.":[91],"However,":[92],"recent":[93],"advances":[94],"steganalysis":[96],"have":[97],"rendered":[98],"these":[99],"highly":[101],"vulnerable":[102],"wide":[105],"variety":[106],"attacks":[108],"such":[109],"traffic,":[111],"contrast,":[112],"comparison,":[113],"statistical,":[114],"which":[116],"may":[117],"be":[118],"able":[119],"defeat":[121],"goal.":[124],"This":[125],"article":[126],"promotes":[127],"new":[129],"paradigm":[130,137],"for":[131],"communication,":[133],"namely":[134],"noiseless":[135],"(Nostega),":[138],"overcomes":[140],"vulnerabilities":[142],"current":[144],"approaches.":[145],"Nostega":[146,179],"neither":[147],"hides":[148],"nor":[153],"produces":[154],"noise,":[155],"rendering":[156],"generated":[158,173],"cover":[159],"noiseless.":[160],"Instead,":[161],"it":[162],"camouflages":[163,182],"messages":[164],"form":[167],"unquestionable":[169],"Unlike":[175],"all":[176],"other":[177],"approaches,":[178],"only":[181],"but":[185],"also":[186],"its":[187],"transmission.":[188],"Examples":[189],"Nostega-based":[191],"methodologies":[193],"are":[194],"discussed.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}