{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307565218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2022.2135437","title":"Price incentive strategy for the E-scooter sharing service using deep reinforcement learning","display_name":"Price incentive strategy for the E-scooter sharing service using deep reinforcement learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307565218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2022.2135437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2022.2135437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2022.2135437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025092064","display_name":"Hyunsoo Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-8321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunsoo Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-8321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049465999","display_name":"Eui-Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-2806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eui-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Education &amp; Research Program for InfraSPHERE, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-2806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Education &amp; Research Program for InfraSPHERE, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005949085","display_name":"Seung Woo Ham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Woo Ham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-9217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377978","display_name":"Dong\u2010Kyu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Kyu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-3043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100377978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76922135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"3","first_page":"409","last_page":"423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.7835236191749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6813175678253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relocation","display_name":"Relocation","score":0.6714678406715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5587264895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5363093614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4730222225189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renting","display_name":"Renting","score":0.45113760232925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sharing-economy","display_name":"Sharing economy","score":0.4304211139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-constraint","display_name":"Budget constraint","score":0.42469972372055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3794931471347809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.27156946063041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.2568671703338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19725018739700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13694211840629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.12374016642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12339431047439575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7835236191749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6813175678253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779019381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3499564","display_name":"Relocation","level":2,"score":0.6714678406715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5587264895439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5363093614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4730222225189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157171","display_name":"Renting","level":2,"score":0.45113760232925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33199155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2277143","display_name":"Sharing economy","level":2,"score":0.4304211139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8505890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605095","display_name":"Budget constraint","level":2,"score":0.42469972372055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3794931471347809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.27156946063041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2568671703338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19725018739700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13694211840629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.12374016642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12339431047439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2022.2135437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2022.2135437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139596442","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1970180010","https://openalex.org/W1984698666","https://openalex.org/W1997458143","https://openalex.org/W2032492788","https://openalex.org/W2097749765","https://openalex.org/W2257214079","https://openalex.org/W2358962606","https://openalex.org/W2593044849","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2790769276","https://openalex.org/W2900803712","https://openalex.org/W2904349291","https://openalex.org/W2943827744","https://openalex.org/W2945349807","https://openalex.org/W2947458657","https://openalex.org/W2949830935","https://openalex.org/W2953661112","https://openalex.org/W2964571634","https://openalex.org/W2967944428","https://openalex.org/W3013470702","https://openalex.org/W3026735686","https://openalex.org/W3035440685","https://openalex.org/W3043918751","https://openalex.org/W3046298953","https://openalex.org/W3099655699","https://openalex.org/W3122290889","https://openalex.org/W3144205661","https://openalex.org/W3151146231","https://openalex.org/W3154307738","https://openalex.org/W3161667249","https://openalex.org/W3175255796","https://openalex.org/W3181205891","https://openalex.org/W3195029382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2486027828","https://openalex.org/W2380877425","https://openalex.org/W2034964907","https://openalex.org/W3108418799","https://openalex.org/W2288169393","https://openalex.org/W4207014738","https://openalex.org/W3204643835","https://openalex.org/W2582174585","https://openalex.org/W4312263077","https://openalex.org/W4246770065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,187],"electric-scooter":[1],"(e-scooter)":[2],"has":[3,30],"become":[4],"a":[5,31,79,83,123,138,148,215],"popular":[6],"mode":[7],"of":[8,13,25,34,59,70,75,150,172,178,189,211],"transportation":[9],"with":[10,18,214],"the":[11,23,26,47,57,62,66,129,143,151,163,179,190,195,209,224],"proliferation":[12],"shared":[14,20],"mobility":[15,21],"services.":[16,241],"As":[17,78],"other":[19],"services,":[22],"operation":[24],"e-scooter":[27,235,239],"sharing":[28,240],"service":[29,205],"recurring":[32],"problem":[33],"imbalance":[35,48],"in":[36,137],"supply":[37],"and":[38,53,65,92,204],"demand.":[39],"Various":[40],"strategies":[41],"have":[42],"been":[43],"studied":[44],"to":[45,103,121,133,146,162,201,234],"resolve":[46],"problems,":[49],"including":[50],"demand":[51,64],"prediction":[52],"relocation":[54,71],"strategies.":[55,77],"However,":[56],"difficulty":[58],"accurately":[60],"predicting":[61],"fluctuating":[63],"excessive":[67],"cost-labor":[68],"consumption":[69],"are":[72],"major":[73],"limitations":[74],"these":[76],"remedy,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"deep":[84],"reinforcement":[85,124],"learning":[86,125],"algorithm":[87,115,145,169,197],"that":[88,127,194],"suggests":[89],"price":[90,135,155,185,216],"incentives":[91,136],"an":[93],"alternative":[94],"rental":[95],"location":[96],"for":[97],"users":[98,203],"who":[99],"find":[100],"it":[101],"difficult":[102],"acquire":[104],"e-scooters":[105,213],"at":[106],"their":[107],"desired":[108],"boarding":[109],"locations.":[110],"A":[111],"proximal":[112],"policy":[113],"optimization":[114],"considering":[116],"temporal":[117],"dependencies":[118],"is":[119,170,229],"applied":[120],"develop":[122],"agent":[126],"allocates":[128],"given":[130],"initial":[131,165,227],"budget":[132],"provide":[134,199],"cost-efficient":[139],"manner.":[140],"We":[141],"allow":[142],"proposed":[144,168,196],"re-use":[147],"portion":[149],"operating":[152],"profit":[153],"as":[154,174,176],"incentives,":[156],"which":[157,231],"brings":[158],"higher":[159],"efficiency":[160],"compared":[161],"same":[164],"budget.":[166],"Our":[167],"capable":[171],"reducing":[173],"much":[175],"56%":[177],"unmet":[180],"demands":[181],"by":[182,207],"efficiently":[183],"distributing":[184],"incentives.":[186],"result":[188],"geographical":[191],"analysis":[192],"shows":[193],"can":[198,232],"benefits":[200],"both":[202],"providers":[206],"promoting":[208],"use":[210],"idle":[212],"incentive.":[217],"Through":[218],"experimental":[219],"analysis,":[220],"optimal":[221],"budget,":[222,228],"i.e.,":[223],"most":[225],"efficient":[226,238],"suggested,":[230],"contribute":[233],"operators":[236],"developing":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
