{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190345817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2022.2069501","title":"Understanding the merging behavior patterns and evolutionary mechanism at freeway on-Ramps","display_name":"Understanding the merging behavior patterns and evolutionary mechanism at freeway on-Ramps","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190345817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2022.2069501","mag":"3190345817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2022.2069501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2022.2069501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333713","display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-0529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071113267","display_name":"Yajie Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-168X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yajie Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345132","display_name":"Yangyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7699-6735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011555132","display_name":"Lingtao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-7145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173268674","display_name":"Texas A&M University System","ror":"https://ror.org/0034eay46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173268674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingtao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, Texas, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, Texas, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173268674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043721772","display_name":"Wanbing Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0561-3491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanbing Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071113267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86882447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"573","last_page":"586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6827026605606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6672812700271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6113969087600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5510275959968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5452367663383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4849010109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.44809016585350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4279490113258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4223901629447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4222777783870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4153427481651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.382715106010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3385655879974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1362040638923645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6827026605606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6672812700271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6113969087600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5510275959968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5452367663383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4849010109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.44809016585350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4279490113258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4223901629447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4222777783870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4153427481651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.382715106010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3385655879974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1362040638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2022.2069501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2022.2069501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1679408306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71971160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3279449407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22120220013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1027473064","https://openalex.org/W2002212563","https://openalex.org/W2013608457","https://openalex.org/W2027752040","https://openalex.org/W2044178847","https://openalex.org/W2062843776","https://openalex.org/W2082006479","https://openalex.org/W2093095743","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2577551885","https://openalex.org/W2587463806","https://openalex.org/W2594564180","https://openalex.org/W2742083539","https://openalex.org/W2754981972","https://openalex.org/W2769555969","https://openalex.org/W2888520924","https://openalex.org/W2896642734","https://openalex.org/W2898626732","https://openalex.org/W2902085322","https://openalex.org/W2912639125","https://openalex.org/W2941022658","https://openalex.org/W2955189650","https://openalex.org/W2963135764","https://openalex.org/W2964264720","https://openalex.org/W2975381807","https://openalex.org/W3011979648","https://openalex.org/W3046749482","https://openalex.org/W3101281557","https://openalex.org/W3115816431","https://openalex.org/W3129672086","https://openalex.org/W3133640253","https://openalex.org/W3192025957","https://openalex.org/W3192681724","https://openalex.org/W3193929765","https://openalex.org/W4206174560","https://openalex.org/W4234432229","https://openalex.org/W4236133481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510894296","https://openalex.org/W2134386692","https://openalex.org/W2379651310","https://openalex.org/W2082284720","https://openalex.org/W2113019827","https://openalex.org/W1541249122","https://openalex.org/W2084326697","https://openalex.org/W2194396582","https://openalex.org/W2027903142","https://openalex.org/W2116722627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"human":[1],"merging":[2,29,53,77,123,144,149,171],"behavior":[3,78,150],"patterns":[4,27,151],"at":[5,40,125],"freeway":[6,41,127],"on-ramps":[7],"is":[8,48,65,119],"important":[9],"for":[10,166],"assisting":[11],"the":[12,25,33,52,61,90,97,107,112,122,130,136,142,155,170],"decisions":[13],"of":[14,99,109,114,173],"autonomous":[15,174],"driving.":[16],"This":[17,117],"study":[18,95,162],"develops":[19],"a":[20,126],"primitive-based":[21],"framework":[22],"to":[23,50,67],"identify":[24],"driving":[26,115],"during":[28],"processes":[30,54,145],"and":[31,146,168],"reveal":[32],"evolutionary":[34,156],"mechanism":[35],"in":[36,93,121,160],"congested":[37],"traffic":[38],"flow":[39],"on-ramps.":[42],"The":[43,158],"Nonhomogeneous":[44],"Hidden":[45,87],"Markov":[46,88],"Model":[47],"introduced":[49],"decompose":[51],"into":[55,75],"primitives":[56,70],"containing":[57],"semantic":[58],"information.":[59],"Then,":[60],"time-series":[62],"K-means":[63],"clustering":[64],"used":[66],"group":[68],"these":[69],"with":[71],"variable-length":[72],"time":[73],"series":[74],"interpretable":[76,148],"patterns.":[79,116],"Different":[80],"from":[81],"traditional":[82],"state":[83],"segmentation":[84],"methods":[85],"(e.g.":[86],"Model),":[89],"model":[91],"proposed":[92,137],"this":[94,161],"considers":[96],"dependence":[98],"transition":[100],"probability":[101],"on":[102,111],"exogenous":[103],"variables,":[104],"thereby":[105],"revealing":[106],"influence":[108],"covariates":[110],"evolution":[113],"approach":[118,138],"evaluated":[120],"area":[124],"on-ramp":[128],"using":[129],"INTERACTION":[131],"dataset.":[132],"Results":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"that":[135],"can":[139,163],"deeply":[140],"analzye":[141],"complicated":[143],"provide":[147],"as":[152,154],"well":[153],"mechanism.":[157],"findings":[159],"be":[164],"useful":[165],"designing":[167],"improving":[169],"decision-making":[172],"vehicles.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
