{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982860491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2019.1683450","title":"Incorporating the standstill distance and time headway distributions into freeway car-following models and an application to estimating freeway travel time reliability","display_name":"Incorporating the standstill distance and time headway distributions into freeway car-following models and an application to estimating freeway travel time reliability","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982860491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2019.1683450","mag":"2982860491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2019.1683450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2019.1683450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032072324","display_name":"Chaoru Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-7658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoru Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023979953","display_name":"Jing Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7304-8430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021720365","display_name":"Andrew Jeremy Houchin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Houchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Snyder & Associates, Inc, Des Moines, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Snyder & Associates, Inc, Des Moines, IA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020409542","display_name":"Chenhui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-9022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197604219","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136156","display_name":"Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04edx5729","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282462722","https://openalex.org/I1322910049","https://openalex.org/I4210136156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council/Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, McLean, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council/Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, McLean, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136156","https://openalex.org/I197604219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023979953"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81735583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"21","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headway","display_name":"Headway","score":0.8503274917602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsimulation","display_name":"Microsimulation","score":0.7463394403457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7316516041755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-time","display_name":"Travel time","score":0.6159838438034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vissim","display_name":"VisSim","score":0.5274111032485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4280552566051483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.42588385939598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-modelling","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","score":0.41130736470222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3810250163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37629473209381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3704293370246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.27877098321914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2101762890815735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4383682","display_name":"Headway","level":2,"score":0.8503274917602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780015235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934035","display_name":"Microsimulation","level":2,"score":0.7463394403457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7316516041755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985733770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1233007","display_name":"Travel time","level":2,"score":0.6159838438034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775988433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369244","display_name":"VisSim","level":3,"score":0.5274111032485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4280552566051483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.42588385939598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127491075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617825","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","level":2,"score":0.41130736470222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3810250163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37629473209381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3704293370246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.27877098321914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2101762890815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2019.1683450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2019.1683450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lib.dr.iastate.edu:ccee_pubs-1258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ccee_pubs/260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196104","display_name":"Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","host_organization_name":"Iowa State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20499850","https://openalex.org/W1949425341","https://openalex.org/W1964068448","https://openalex.org/W1970515168","https://openalex.org/W2004894471","https://openalex.org/W2008447878","https://openalex.org/W2020276108","https://openalex.org/W2029437829","https://openalex.org/W2030447719","https://openalex.org/W2033366989","https://openalex.org/W2045373751","https://openalex.org/W2047161173","https://openalex.org/W2048033832","https://openalex.org/W2066370682","https://openalex.org/W2072069601","https://openalex.org/W2076902400","https://openalex.org/W2077048703","https://openalex.org/W2077679034","https://openalex.org/W2078730304","https://openalex.org/W2090090293","https://openalex.org/W2094039233","https://openalex.org/W2100184175","https://openalex.org/W2105064452","https://openalex.org/W2110884310","https://openalex.org/W2115160850","https://openalex.org/W2118148269","https://openalex.org/W2156557762","https://openalex.org/W2302256292","https://openalex.org/W2325184563","https://openalex.org/W2519791572","https://openalex.org/W2543628422","https://openalex.org/W2619222093","https://openalex.org/W2771883571","https://openalex.org/W2807130846","https://openalex.org/W2896589412","https://openalex.org/W2947492046","https://openalex.org/W2970051704","https://openalex.org/W4244933133","https://openalex.org/W4253768210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W648024147","https://openalex.org/W3145815016","https://openalex.org/W2117759111","https://openalex.org/W1989991863","https://openalex.org/W590593173","https://openalex.org/W1600978758","https://openalex.org/W831857694","https://openalex.org/W2181736363","https://openalex.org/W4200077797","https://openalex.org/W2361384914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Standstill":[0],"distances":[1,23,78,100],"and":[2,24,27,43,79,101,124,138],"following":[3,44],"time":[4,25,37,80,102,125],"headways":[5,26,81,103],"are":[6,72],"two":[7],"important":[8],"microsimulation":[9,91],"model":[10],"parameters":[11,127],"associated":[12],"with":[13,141],"driver":[14],"aggression.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"investigates":[18],"the":[19,95],"distributions":[20,30,106],"of":[21,69,97],"standstill":[22,41,77,99,122],"incorporates":[28],"these":[29],"into":[31,46],"car-following":[32,47,129],"models":[33,48,92],"to":[34,104,110],"estimate":[35],"travel":[36],"reliability.":[38],"By":[39,119],"incorporating":[40,120],"distance":[42,123],"headway":[45,126],"as":[49,73,107,109],"stochastic":[50,121],"parameters,":[51],"a":[52],"speed-density":[53],"region":[54],"can":[55,64,133],"be":[56,65,111,134],"generated,":[57],"based":[58],"on":[59],"which":[60],"various":[61],"travel-time-reliability":[62,131],"measures":[63,132],"calculated.":[66],"Key":[67],"findings":[68],"this":[70],"study":[71],"follows:":[74],"(1)":[75],"Both":[76],"follow":[82,105],"fairly":[83],"dispersed":[84],"distributions.":[85],"Therefore,":[86],"it":[87],"is":[88],"suggested":[89],"that":[90],"should":[93],"include":[94],"option":[96],"allowing":[98],"well":[108],"specified":[112],"separately":[113],"for":[114],"different":[115],"vehicle":[116],"classes.":[117],"(2)":[118],"in":[128],"models,":[130],"estimated":[135],"more":[136],"precisely":[137],"faster":[139],"compared":[140],"using":[142],"VISSIM.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}