{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907400790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2018.1491003","title":"Asynchronous <i>n</i>-step Q-learning adaptive traffic signal control","display_name":"Asynchronous <i>n</i>-step Q-learning adaptive traffic signal control","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907400790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2018.1491003","mag":"2907400790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2018.1491003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2018.1491003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038688120","display_name":"Wade Genders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-8652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wade Genders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031121913","display_name":"Saiedeh Razavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-3609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saiedeh Razavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038688120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0646,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97918909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"319","last_page":"331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.9031083583831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6776815056800842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6265392899513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6239798665046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5842475295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5499600172042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.5317054390907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5285436511039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4310515522956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.4130341112613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.40607351064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3268114924430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31722527742385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.303799569606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11174973845481873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.9031083583831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6776815056800842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6265392899513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6239798665046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5842475295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5499600172042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.5317054390907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5285436511039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4310515522956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.4130341112613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.40607351064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3268114924430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31722527742385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.303799569606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11174973845481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2018.1491003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2018.1491003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1836902361","https://openalex.org/W1966071304","https://openalex.org/W1969758122","https://openalex.org/W1999371911","https://openalex.org/W2019974229","https://openalex.org/W2020070197","https://openalex.org/W2022686149","https://openalex.org/W2052955447","https://openalex.org/W2074500080","https://openalex.org/W2088595989","https://openalex.org/W2094988022","https://openalex.org/W2124657875","https://openalex.org/W2125001944","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2225936171","https://openalex.org/W2480177474","https://openalex.org/W2498017881","https://openalex.org/W2761656023","https://openalex.org/W3005347330","https://openalex.org/W3041202696","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4236133481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W2166117066","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2136202932","https://openalex.org/W3087814763","https://openalex.org/W2892507673","https://openalex.org/W2361647908","https://openalex.org/W2937181779","https://openalex.org/W2537866915","https://openalex.org/W2089415692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"transportation":[1],"systems":[2],"are":[3],"efficient":[4],"is":[5,72],"a":[6,19,54,97,130],"priority":[7],"for":[8,120,139],"modern":[9],"society.":[10],"Intersection":[11],"traffic":[12,43,88],"signal":[13,44,89],"control":[14,90,99],"can":[15],"be":[16],"modeled":[17],"as":[18,61,129],"sequential":[20],"decision-making":[21],"problem.":[22],"To":[23],"learn":[24],"how":[25],"to":[26,39,74,125],"make":[27],"the":[28,48,76,126,133,137,147],"best":[29],"decisions,":[30],"we":[31,112],"apply":[32],"reinforcement":[33,63,93],"learning":[34,64,94],"techniques":[35],"with":[36,53],"function":[37,143],"approximation":[38],"train":[40],"an":[41,140],"adaptive":[42],"controller.":[45],"We":[46],"use":[47],"asynchronous":[49],"n-step":[50],"Q-learning":[51,87],"algorithm":[52],"two":[55],"hidden":[56],"layer":[57],"artificial":[58],"neural":[59],"network":[60],"our":[62,92,114],"agent.":[65],"A":[66],"dynamic,":[67],"stochastic":[68],"rush":[69],"hour":[70],"simulation":[71],"developed":[73],"test":[75],"agent\u2019s":[77],"performance.":[78],"Compared":[79],"against":[80],"traditional":[81],"loop":[82],"detector":[83],"actuated":[84,127],"and":[85],"linear":[86],"methods,":[91],"model":[95,116],"develops":[96,146],"superior":[98],"policy,":[100],"reducing":[101],"mean":[102],"total":[103],"delay":[104,119],"by":[105],"up":[106],"40%":[107],"without":[108],"compromising":[109],"throughput.":[110],"However,":[111],"find":[113],"proposed":[115],"slightly":[117],"increases":[118],"left":[121],"turning":[122],"vehicles":[123],"compared":[124],"controller,":[128],"consequence":[131],"of":[132],"reward":[134,142],"function,":[135],"highlighting":[136],"need":[138],"appropriate":[141],"which":[144],"truly":[145],"desired":[148],"policy.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
