{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2206428743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351","title":"Policy and society related implications of automated driving: A review of literature and directions for future research","display_name":"Policy and society related implications of automated driving: A review of literature and directions for future research","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2206428743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351","mag":"2206428743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029225003","display_name":"Dimitris Milakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-4206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Milakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-4206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030507508","display_name":"Bart van Arem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-7794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart van Arem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025167426","display_name":"Bert van Wee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-3575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bert van Wee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transport and Logistics Group, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transport and Logistics Group, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029225003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":54.9848,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":902,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99939371,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"324","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trips-architecture","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","score":0.5448692440986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5360797643661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.5246788859367371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.5182535648345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.517888069152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5033857226371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.49295639991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4733212888240814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.44064486026763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.4327719211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.4263540208339691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.4177968204021454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.35123610496520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3481253385543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26389145851135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.115557461977005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.11458262801170349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.5448692440986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5360797643661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.5246788859367371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5182535648345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.517888069152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5033857226371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.49295639991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4733212888240814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.44064486026763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4327719211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.4263540208339691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4177968204021454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.35123610496520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3481253385543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26389145851135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.115557461977005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11458262801170349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:2b13c109-0fdc-4e51-804a-7ef4fec62afb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2b13c109-0fdc-4e51-804a-7ef4fec62afb","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2b13c109-0fdc-4e51-804a-7ef4fec62afb","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: technology, planning, and operations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:e8b725f4-65f5-4dd9-bd49-7d5b505c86fd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e8b725f4-65f5-4dd9-bd49-7d5b505c86fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"working paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2206428743.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2206428743.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":165,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84285269","https://openalex.org/W97081681","https://openalex.org/W132817627","https://openalex.org/W147267216","https://openalex.org/W184488978","https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W332890738","https://openalex.org/W391872080","https://openalex.org/W565876240","https://openalex.org/W652241523","https://openalex.org/W653221389","https://openalex.org/W1009846835","https://openalex.org/W1027473064","https://openalex.org/W1126134732","https://openalex.org/W1462694362","https://openalex.org/W1470377755","https://openalex.org/W1503093875","https://openalex.org/W1504940874","https://openalex.org/W1516594926","https://openalex.org/W1576647638","https://openalex.org/W1655377165","https://openalex.org/W1765188949","https://openalex.org/W1849142051","https://openalex.org/W1949324514","https://openalex.org/W1955305638","https://openalex.org/W1963747729","https://openalex.org/W1964785145","https://openalex.org/W1965833705","https://openalex.org/W1966252461","https://openalex.org/W1966808004","https://openalex.org/W1967867529","https://openalex.org/W1971105227","https://openalex.org/W1971328906","https://openalex.org/W1971417956","https://openalex.org/W1971419089","https://openalex.org/W1973573843","https://openalex.org/W1976975617","https://openalex.org/W1977167256","https://openalex.org/W1979374731","https://openalex.org/W1980807233","https://openalex.org/W1982474156","https://openalex.org/W1985059808","https://openalex.org/W1987332953","https://openalex.org/W1991095535","https://openalex.org/W1995020325","https://openalex.org/W2001834277","https://openalex.org/W2003032176","https://openalex.org/W2005508268","https://openalex.org/W2006149159","https://openalex.org/W2006867049","https://openalex.org/W2011337802","https://openalex.org/W2011369927","https://openalex.org/W2019494928","https://openalex.org/W2024457376","https://openalex.org/W2025293314","https://openalex.org/W2034190723","https://openalex.org/W2035485812","https://openalex.org/W2040661524","https://openalex.org/W2042404299","https://openalex.org/W2042426647","https://openalex.org/W2045833434","https://openalex.org/W2049309502","https://openalex.org/W2050232403","https://openalex.org/W2051401226","https://openalex.org/W2052908944","https://openalex.org/W2060193643","https://openalex.org/W2060865144","https://openalex.org/W2061545509","https://openalex.org/W2062916736","https://openalex.org/W2063001734","https://openalex.org/W2064249414","https://openalex.org/W2065554167","https://openalex.org/W2067369167","https://openalex.org/W2072908839","https://openalex.org/W2073089118","https://openalex.org/W2073922712","https://openalex.org/W2075713131","https://openalex.org/W2077498218","https://openalex.org/W2078303604","https://openalex.org/W2080782477","https://openalex.org/W2085317263","https://openalex.org/W2087065496","https://openalex.org/W2091307069","https://openalex.org/W2091913622","https://openalex.org/W2098178757","https://openalex.org/W2099005886","https://openalex.org/W2100488636","https://openalex.org/W2102595860","https://openalex.org/W2105403067","https://openalex.org/W2105835939","https://openalex.org/W2107556430","https://openalex.org/W2109259415","https://openalex.org/W2113489528","https://openalex.org/W2119159364","https://openalex.org/W2119445797","https://openalex.org/W2121955477","https://openalex.org/W2125079315","https://openalex.org/W2125129204","https://openalex.org/W2128060716","https://openalex.org/W2129293644","https://openalex.org/W2132479764","https://openalex.org/W2133292407","https://openalex.org/W2134665801","https://openalex.org/W2136767008","https://openalex.org/W2137514195","https://openalex.org/W2138086936","https://openalex.org/W2140491322","https://openalex.org/W2148830728","https://openalex.org/W2151977651","https://openalex.org/W2155480602","https://openalex.org/W2157525649","https://openalex.org/W2157756835","https://openalex.org/W2157804310","https://openalex.org/W2158533495","https://openalex.org/W2161933787","https://openalex.org/W2162033280","https://openalex.org/W2164537817","https://openalex.org/W2164690523","https://openalex.org/W2165216595","https://openalex.org/W2169423314","https://openalex.org/W2170973929","https://openalex.org/W2181146602","https://openalex.org/W2199000878","https://openalex.org/W2200971133","https://openalex.org/W2203042989","https://openalex.org/W2215284045","https://openalex.org/W2259684855","https://openalex.org/W2262932317","https://openalex.org/W2295765097","https://openalex.org/W2304604101","https://openalex.org/W2304950964","https://openalex.org/W2306644740","https://openalex.org/W2330358296","https://openalex.org/W2333854203","https://openalex.org/W2343754557","https://openalex.org/W2344988600","https://openalex.org/W2394439683","https://openalex.org/W2405705374","https://openalex.org/W2413232101","https://openalex.org/W2460227421","https://openalex.org/W2461062187","https://openalex.org/W2492107292","https://openalex.org/W2493168586","https://openalex.org/W2508448572","https://openalex.org/W2513974863","https://openalex.org/W2515943586","https://openalex.org/W2519413907","https://openalex.org/W2521151931","https://openalex.org/W2525536947","https://openalex.org/W2526634643","https://openalex.org/W2526781987","https://openalex.org/W2527545631","https://openalex.org/W2530501036","https://openalex.org/W2530768442","https://openalex.org/W2537764407","https://openalex.org/W2552970311","https://openalex.org/W2563313883","https://openalex.org/W2573621651","https://openalex.org/W2592807484","https://openalex.org/W2743800005","https://openalex.org/W3083764925","https://openalex.org/W3124655049","https://openalex.org/W3144267724","https://openalex.org/W4251852706","https://openalex.org/W4362597614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059528849","https://openalex.org/W2807758032","https://openalex.org/W2052048483","https://openalex.org/W3110236022","https://openalex.org/W3186541905","https://openalex.org/W4207012312","https://openalex.org/W846987066","https://openalex.org/W1987503588","https://openalex.org/W595072900","https://openalex.org/W4360979474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"driving":[1,74],"has":[2],"been":[3],"receiving":[4],"enormous":[5],"attention":[6],"by":[7],"industry,":[8],"government":[9],"and":[10,39,43,78,86,115,121,125,128,131,141,156,177,179,194,214,240,252],"academia.":[11],"Although":[12],"high":[13],"expectations":[14],"rest":[15],"on":[16,41,97,150,235],"this":[17,61,65],"evolving":[18],"transportation":[19],"technology,":[20],"little":[21],"is":[22,57],"known":[23],"about":[24,50,83,228],"its":[25],"impacts.":[26],"Most":[27],"papers":[28],"published":[29],"so":[30],"far":[31],"have":[32,222],"explored":[33],"technological":[34],"aspects":[35],"of":[36,54,72,105,166,175,184,212,255],"vehicle":[37,191,216,256],"automation":[38,176,257],"impacts":[40,149,254],"driver":[42],"traffic":[44],"flow":[45],"characteristics.":[46],"However,":[47,200],"the":[48,51,69,98,173,181,247],"interest":[49],"wider":[52],"implications":[53,104],"automated":[55,73,106,204],"vehicles":[56,107,205],"constantly":[58],"growing":[59],"as":[60],"technology":[62],"evolves.":[63],"In":[64],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"explore":[68],"potential":[70],"effects":[71,85,189],"relevant":[75],"for":[76,89],"policy":[77],"society,":[79],"review":[80,95,145],"literature":[81],"results":[82],"those":[84],"identify":[87],"areas":[88],"future":[90],"research.":[91],"We":[92],"structure":[93],"our":[94],"based":[96],"ripple":[99],"effect":[100],"concept,":[101],"which":[102],"represents":[103],"at":[108],"three":[109],"stages:":[110],"first-order":[111,148],"(traffic,":[112],"travel":[113,116,209,230],"cost,":[114],"choices),":[117],"second-order":[118],"(vehicle":[119],"ownership":[120],"sharing,":[122],"location":[123],"choices":[124],"land":[126,219],"use,":[127],"transport":[129],"infrastructure)":[130],"third-order":[132,233],"(energy":[133],"consumption,":[134],"air":[135],"pollution,":[136],"safety,":[137,236],"social":[138,241],"equity,":[139],"economy,":[140,237],"public":[142,238],"health).":[143],"Our":[144],"shows":[146],"that":[147,203],"road":[151],"capacity,":[152],"fuel":[153],"efficiency,":[154],"emissions,":[155],"accidents":[157],"risk":[158],"are":[159],"expected":[160],"to":[161],"be":[162],"beneficial.":[163],"The":[164,187],"magnitude":[165],"these":[167,185,198,226],"benefits":[168,234,251],"will":[169],"likely":[170],"increase":[171],"with":[172,180],"level":[174],"cooperation":[178],"penetration":[182],"rate":[183],"systems.":[186],"synergistic":[188],"between":[190,249],"automation,":[192],"electrification":[193],"sharification":[195],"can":[196,206],"multiply":[197],"benefits.":[199],"studies":[201],"confirm":[202],"induce":[207],"additional":[208],"demand":[210],"because":[211],"more":[213],"longer":[215],"trips.":[217],"Potential":[218],"use":[220],"changes":[221],"not":[223],"included":[224],"in":[225],"estimations":[227],"excessive":[229],"demand.":[231],"Other":[232],"health":[239],"equity":[242],"still":[243],"remain":[244],"unclear.":[245],"Therefore,":[246],"balance":[248],"short-term":[250],"long-term":[253],"remains":[258],"an":[259],"open":[260],"question.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":120},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":106},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":119},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":126},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":126},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":110},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}