{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2317373558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1163639","title":"Quantifying travel time variability at a single bottleneck based on stochastic capacity and demand distributions","display_name":"Quantifying travel time variability at a single bottleneck based on stochastic capacity and demand distributions","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2317373558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1163639","mag":"2317373558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2016.1163639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1163639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100674546","display_name":"Mingxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7669-1824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047902154","display_name":"Xuesong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-5369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuesong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059518315","display_name":"Nagui M. Rouphail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-9517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagui M. Rouphail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047902154"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.13612462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97749048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"79","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6726816296577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.5050020813941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4918222427368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4685346186161041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4578688144683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.452745258808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-time","display_name":"Travel time","score":0.4369734823703766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.41343531012535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.37378162145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35167866945266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3329789638519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25676703453063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.19858378171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17516875267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6726816296577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.5050020813941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4918222427368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4685346186161041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4578688144683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.452745258808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985733770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1233007","display_name":"Travel time","level":2,"score":0.4369734823703766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.41343531012535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37378162145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35167866945266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3329789638519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25676703453063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.19858378171920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17516875267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2016.1163639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1163639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32452329","https://openalex.org/W136590238","https://openalex.org/W150902985","https://openalex.org/W203487314","https://openalex.org/W1522168924","https://openalex.org/W1543690589","https://openalex.org/W1829158674","https://openalex.org/W1964259136","https://openalex.org/W1965036911","https://openalex.org/W1965419789","https://openalex.org/W1976482445","https://openalex.org/W1977226356","https://openalex.org/W1977583715","https://openalex.org/W1979459624","https://openalex.org/W1982048777","https://openalex.org/W1986925696","https://openalex.org/W1995840715","https://openalex.org/W2004369114","https://openalex.org/W2008467464","https://openalex.org/W2010039425","https://openalex.org/W2010043493","https://openalex.org/W2010302266","https://openalex.org/W2010760359","https://openalex.org/W2017011630","https://openalex.org/W2017966183","https://openalex.org/W2020774090","https://openalex.org/W2026175651","https://openalex.org/W2027127663","https://openalex.org/W2027691764","https://openalex.org/W2028953698","https://openalex.org/W2031659826","https://openalex.org/W2035481685","https://openalex.org/W2044962958","https://openalex.org/W2046706147","https://openalex.org/W2053198665","https://openalex.org/W2059714194","https://openalex.org/W2061738751","https://openalex.org/W2067126954","https://openalex.org/W2068958864","https://openalex.org/W2070317330","https://openalex.org/W2074207828","https://openalex.org/W2074675836","https://openalex.org/W2077048703","https://openalex.org/W2078099036","https://openalex.org/W2084298713","https://openalex.org/W2088336910","https://openalex.org/W2088743016","https://openalex.org/W2088796177","https://openalex.org/W2093014697","https://openalex.org/W2107732405","https://openalex.org/W2117832684","https://openalex.org/W2145179815","https://openalex.org/W2166481425","https://openalex.org/W2168482679","https://openalex.org/W2172302361","https://openalex.org/W2203505720","https://openalex.org/W2248044151","https://openalex.org/W2321968596","https://openalex.org/W2516321972","https://openalex.org/W2584775147","https://openalex.org/W4231887836","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W4300578501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657880117","https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2982511116","https://openalex.org/W2768886816","https://openalex.org/W2167036200","https://openalex.org/W31992381","https://openalex.org/W576785212","https://openalex.org/W2325330162","https://openalex.org/W2091675497","https://openalex.org/W2172162708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Travel":[0],"time":[1,11,34,55,69,94,134,159],"reliability,":[2],"an":[3,15],"essential":[4],"factor":[5],"in":[6,108],"traveler":[7],"route":[8],"and":[9,42,57,78,116,149,161,169],"departure":[10],"decisions,":[12],"serves":[13],"as":[14,96],"important":[16,82],"quality":[17],"of":[18,31,99,139,157,166],"service":[19],"measure":[20],"for":[21,153],"dynamic":[22],"transportation":[23],"systems.":[24],"This":[25,122],"article":[26,123],"investigates":[27],"a":[28,58,97,110],"fundamental":[29],"problem":[30],"quantifying":[32],"travel":[33,54,68,93,133,158],"variability":[35,70,135],"from":[36,74],"its":[37],"root":[38],"sources:":[39],"stochastic":[40],"capacity":[41,79,127,170],"demand":[43,77,168],"variations":[44,95],"that":[45,85],"follow":[46],"commonly":[47],"used":[48,63],"log-normal":[49],"distributions.":[50],"A":[51],"volume-to-capacity":[52],"ratio-based":[53],"function":[56,98],"point":[59],"queue":[60],"model":[61],"are":[62,105,120],"to":[64,91,130],"demonstrate":[65],"how":[66],"day-to-day":[67],"can":[71,88],"be":[72,89],"explained":[73],"the":[75,155,163],"underlying":[76],"variations.":[80],"One":[81],"finding":[83],"is":[84],"closed-form":[86,111],"solutions":[87],"derived":[90],"formulate":[92],"random":[100],"demand/capacity":[101],"distributions,":[102],"but":[103],"there":[104],"certain":[106],"cases":[107],"which":[109],"expression":[112],"does":[113],"not":[114],"exist":[115],"numerical":[117],"approximation":[118],"methods":[119],"required.":[121],"also":[124],"uses":[125],"probabilistic":[126],"reduction":[128],"information":[129],"estimate":[131],"time-dependent":[132],"distributions":[136],"under":[137],"conditions":[138],"non-recurring":[140],"traffic":[141],"congestion.":[142],"The":[143],"proposed":[144],"models":[145],"provide":[146],"theoretically":[147],"rigorous":[148],"practically":[150],"useful":[151],"tools":[152],"understanding":[154],"causes":[156],"unreliability":[160],"evaluating":[162],"system-wide":[164],"benefit":[165],"reducing":[167],"variability.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}