{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2339042578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1147813","title":"A Comparative Study of Three Multivariate Short-Term Freeway Traffic Flow Forecasting Methods With Missing Data","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Three Multivariate Short-Term Freeway Traffic Flow Forecasting Methods With Missing Data","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2339042578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1147813","mag":"2339042578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2016.1147813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1147813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632844","display_name":"Yanru Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3331-7381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanru Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanru Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanru Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yunlong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yunlong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132","https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94979213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"205","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/univariate","display_name":"Univariate","score":0.7196969389915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.69074547290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.6505938768386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.6089113354682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.5586143732070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5368556976318359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5362531542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-count","display_name":"Traffic count","score":0.4745279848575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4257259964942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.42071324586868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3858014643192291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2681776285171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2106822431087494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.1801806092262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.17772039771080017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.7196969389915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.69074547290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.6505938768386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.6089113354682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.5586143732070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5368556976318359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5362531542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780866138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361151","display_name":"Traffic count","level":3,"score":0.4745279848575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4257259964942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.42071324586868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3858014643192291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2681776285171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2106822431087494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.1801806092262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.17772039771080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15472450.2016.1147813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1147813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172631016","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","issn_l":"1547-2442","issn":["1547-2442","1547-2450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333454","display_name":"Research and Innovative Technology Administration","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41920990","https://openalex.org/W572000173","https://openalex.org/W594114979","https://openalex.org/W1520944163","https://openalex.org/W1964582215","https://openalex.org/W1975362087","https://openalex.org/W1988489815","https://openalex.org/W1991410369","https://openalex.org/W2002543748","https://openalex.org/W2024558842","https://openalex.org/W2027392238","https://openalex.org/W2036848256","https://openalex.org/W2037764370","https://openalex.org/W2039211048","https://openalex.org/W2039417141","https://openalex.org/W2057918527","https://openalex.org/W2085592822","https://openalex.org/W2087794098","https://openalex.org/W2096532744","https://openalex.org/W2105009864","https://openalex.org/W2106100548","https://openalex.org/W2111991989","https://openalex.org/W2117922789","https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2149723649","https://openalex.org/W2165456507","https://openalex.org/W2244839136","https://openalex.org/W2327683694","https://openalex.org/W2486563685","https://openalex.org/W2516321972","https://openalex.org/W2740567862","https://openalex.org/W4230750266","https://openalex.org/W4236133481","https://openalex.org/W4254951692","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973192971","https://openalex.org/W4390341805","https://openalex.org/W2044422050","https://openalex.org/W4390987329","https://openalex.org/W3069032","https://openalex.org/W2982084411","https://openalex.org/W4210448965","https://openalex.org/W2361581724","https://openalex.org/W4360619413","https://openalex.org/W582360292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Short-term":[0],"traffic":[1,10,28,32,53,135],"flow":[2,54,136],"forecasting":[3,21,55,78,89,95,121,145,159,194,223],"is":[4,47,102,112,205,233],"a":[5,74],"critical":[6],"function":[7],"in":[8,34,51,60,70,81,168,189],"advanced":[9,15],"management":[11],"systems":[12,18,63],"(ATMS)":[13],"and":[14,30,43,73,91,140,151,187,193,221],"traveler":[16],"information":[17],"(ATIS).":[19],"Accurate":[20],"results":[22],"are":[23],"useful":[24],"to":[25,37,57,115,173,208],"indicate":[26],"future":[27],"conditions":[29],"assist":[31],"managers":[33],"seeking":[35],"solutions":[36],"congestion":[38],"problems":[39],"on":[40,213],"urban":[41],"freeways":[42],"surface":[44],"streets.":[45],"There":[46],"new":[48],"research":[49,67],"interest":[50],"short-term":[52],"due":[56],"recent":[58],"developments":[59],"intelligent":[61],"transportation":[62],"(ITS)":[64],"technologies.":[65],"Previous":[66],"involves":[68],"technologies":[69],"multiple":[71],"areas,":[72],"significant":[75],"number":[76],"of":[77,99,130,134,179,181,201],"methods":[79],"exist":[80],"the":[82,100,107,120,131,147,152,175,182,199,202,209,215,229],"literature.":[83],"However,":[84],"most":[85],"studies":[86],"used":[87,172],"univariate":[88],"methods,":[90],"they":[92],"have":[93],"limited":[94],"abilities":[96],"when":[97,228],"part":[98],"data":[101,162,231],"missing":[103,191,210,225,230],"or":[104],"erroneous.":[105],"While":[106],"historical":[108],"average":[109,214],"(HA)":[110],"method":[111],"often":[113],"applied":[114],"deal":[116],"with":[117,224],"this":[118],"issue,":[119],"accuracy":[122,200],"cannot":[123],"be":[124],"guaranteed.":[125],"This":[126],"article":[127],"makes":[128],"use":[129],"spatial":[132],"relationship":[133],"at":[137],"nearby":[138],"locations":[139],"builds":[141],"up":[142],"two":[143],"multivariate":[144],"approaches:":[146],"vector":[148],"autoregression":[149],"(VAR)":[150],"general":[153],"regression":[154],"neural":[155],"network":[156],"(GRNN)":[157],"based":[158],"models.":[160],"Traffic":[161],"collected":[163],"from":[164],"U.S.":[165],"Highway":[166],"290":[167],"Houston,":[169],"TX,":[170],"were":[171],"test":[174],"model":[176,204,217],"performance.":[177],"Comparison":[178],"performances":[180],"three":[183],"models":[184],"(HA,":[185],"VAR,":[186],"GRNN)":[188],"different":[190],"ratios":[192],"time":[195],"intervals":[196],"indicates":[197],"that":[198],"VAR":[203],"more":[206,219],"sensitive":[207],"ratio,":[211],"while":[212],"GRNN":[216],"gives":[218],"robust":[220],"accurate":[222],"data,":[226],"particularly":[227],"ratio":[232],"high.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T08:33:18.762332","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}