{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043933237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14626269109408297","title":"Some techniques for building mathematical intelligent tutoring systems","display_name":"Some techniques for building mathematical intelligent tutoring systems","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043933237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14626269109408297","mag":"2043933237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14626269109408297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14626269109408297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177400","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Media","issn_l":"0957-9133","issn":["0957-9133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113492371","display_name":"Tak-Wai Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tak-Wai Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, National Central University , Chung-li, Taiwan, 32054, Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, National Central University , Chung-li, Taiwan, 32054, Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113492371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73278704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3-4","first_page":"137","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.8377162218093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7337291836738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.7263271808624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solver","display_name":"Problem solver","score":0.6288649439811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.6245182752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.557266116142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5540015697479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-tutoring-system","display_name":"Intelligent tutoring system","score":0.5170848369598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-problem","display_name":"Mathematical problem","score":0.45425960421562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.4160684645175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.41212090849876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4019612669944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3722636103630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3221014440059662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20514219999313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1600501537322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.11835670471191406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.8377162218093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7337291836738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.7263271808624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019612716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730920","display_name":"Problem solver","level":2,"score":0.6288649439811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6245182752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.557266116142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5540015697479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779336797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3055492","display_name":"Intelligent tutoring system","level":2,"score":0.5170848369598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66783780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166625","display_name":"Mathematical problem","level":2,"score":0.45425960421562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4160684645175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.41212090849876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4019612669944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3722636103630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3221014440059662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20514219999313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1600501537322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.11835670471191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14626269109408297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14626269109408297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177400","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Media","issn_l":"0957-9133","issn":["0957-9133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Media","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23343499","https://openalex.org/W104648935","https://openalex.org/W170811313","https://openalex.org/W649466085","https://openalex.org/W1502719717","https://openalex.org/W1536683765","https://openalex.org/W1555429091","https://openalex.org/W1600041364","https://openalex.org/W1604345466","https://openalex.org/W1968431527","https://openalex.org/W1986163437","https://openalex.org/W2051768896","https://openalex.org/W2069117635","https://openalex.org/W2117893396","https://openalex.org/W2147006684","https://openalex.org/W2152366243","https://openalex.org/W2204136919","https://openalex.org/W2462386251","https://openalex.org/W2536379393","https://openalex.org/W2612360245","https://openalex.org/W2747632778","https://openalex.org/W3033378517","https://openalex.org/W4211039335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120204135","https://openalex.org/W2215684643","https://openalex.org/W2020617617","https://openalex.org/W3025517893","https://openalex.org/W2335961737","https://openalex.org/W2730387245","https://openalex.org/W2942592597","https://openalex.org/W2364280069","https://openalex.org/W2345644301","https://openalex.org/W1517060552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Some":[1],"techniques":[2,16],"that":[3],"are":[4,13],"useful":[5],"in":[6,20,69],"building":[7],"intelligent":[8,23],"tutoring":[9,24],"systems":[10],"for":[11,26],"mathematics":[12],"described.":[14],"These":[15],"have":[17,48],"been":[18],"implemented":[19],"Integration-Kid,":[21],"an":[22,81],"system":[25,31],"integral":[27],"calculus.":[28],"Its":[29],"production":[30],"is":[32,60],"a":[33,61,74,85,90],"language":[34],"which":[35,52,63,83],"helps":[36],"the":[37,44,70],"problem-solver":[38],"to":[39,89],"interact":[40],"with":[41],"students.":[42],"For":[43],"mathematical":[45,55,87],"problem-solver,":[46],"we":[47],"adopted":[49],"term-rewriting":[50],"rules":[51],"represent":[53],"basic":[54],"knowledge.":[56],"The":[57],"situation":[58],"map":[59],"representation":[62],"lays":[64],"out":[65],"all":[66],"possible":[67],"situations":[68],"process":[71],"of":[72],"solving":[73],"complex":[75],"problem.":[76],"We":[77],"shall":[78],"also":[79],"describe":[80],"algorithm":[82],"transforms":[84],"linear":[86],"expression":[88],"readable,":[91],"two-dimensional":[92],"expression.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
