{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057415482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14626269009409091","title":"Plan recognition in intelligent tutoring systems","display_name":"Plan recognition in intelligent tutoring systems","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057415482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14626269009409091","mag":"2057415482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14626269009409091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14626269009409091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177400","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Media","issn_l":"0957-9133","issn":["0957-9133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057451444","display_name":"Elizabeth Whitaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth T. Whitaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Machine Intelligence , University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC, 29208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Machine Intelligence , University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC, 29208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113685470","display_name":"Ronald D. Bonnell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald D. Bonnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Machine Intelligence , University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC, 29208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Machine Intelligence , University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC, 29208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16239146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"73","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.947700023651123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.8062551021575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7574831247329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planner","display_name":"Planner","score":0.7011144757270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackboard","display_name":"Blackboard (design pattern)","score":0.6703996658325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-decision-support-system","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","score":0.5347256660461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-tutoring-system","display_name":"Intelligent tutoring system","score":0.5300381183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.507063627243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42014065384864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3862431049346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.258928507566452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09064030647277832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.8062551021575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7574831247329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.7011144757270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778308757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23601418","display_name":"Blackboard (design pattern)","level":2,"score":0.6703996658325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.5347256660461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779336797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3055492","display_name":"Intelligent tutoring system","level":2,"score":0.5300381183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.507063627243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42014065384864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3862431049346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.258928507566452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09064030647277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14626269009409091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14626269009409091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177400","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Media","issn_l":"0957-9133","issn":["0957-9133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Media","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105849586","https://openalex.org/W230233429","https://openalex.org/W1489410353","https://openalex.org/W1533805581","https://openalex.org/W2029579663","https://openalex.org/W2031485595","https://openalex.org/W2035346816","https://openalex.org/W2049543499","https://openalex.org/W2112268323","https://openalex.org/W2173880028","https://openalex.org/W2265613058","https://openalex.org/W2328138379","https://openalex.org/W2521152576","https://openalex.org/W4245903027","https://openalex.org/W4256361765","https://openalex.org/W6631960075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381278952","https://openalex.org/W2146449547","https://openalex.org/W618994464","https://openalex.org/W1971695524","https://openalex.org/W2351576756","https://openalex.org/W1995162383","https://openalex.org/W2052056504","https://openalex.org/W2970141834","https://openalex.org/W2047975531","https://openalex.org/W1793808473"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Several":[1],"plan":[2,15,48,67],"recognition":[3,16,49,68],"systems":[4,8,17,21,50,54],"for":[5,14,47,60],"intelligent":[6,19,52],"tutoring":[7,20,53],"are":[9],"reviewed.":[10],"A":[11,33,42],"blackboard":[12],"model":[13,26],"in":[18,51],"is":[22,55,58],"developed,":[23],"where":[24],"the":[25,29],"consists":[27],"of":[28,44,64],"following":[30],"knowledge":[31],"sources:":[32],"Plan":[34],"Recognizer,":[35],"a":[36,39],"Planner":[37],"and":[38,57,62],"Goal":[40],"Recognizer.":[41],"set":[43],"six":[45],"dimensions":[46],"presented":[56],"used":[59],"characterization":[61],"examination":[63],"some":[65],"existing":[66],"systems.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}