{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981513240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875860802039257","title":"The New Generation of Automatic Landmark Detection Systems: Challenges and Guidelines","display_name":"The New Generation of Automatic Landmark Detection Systems: Challenges and Guidelines","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981513240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875860802039257","mag":"1981513240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13875860802039257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875860802039257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4121042","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","issn_l":"1387-5868","issn":["1387-5868","1542-7633","1573-9252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spatial Cognition &amp; Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036859020","display_name":"Pedram Sadeghian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-7041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143137","display_name":"University of Louisville Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04sq8k219","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143137"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedram Sadeghian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville","CECS Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065596336","display_name":"Mehmed Kantardzic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6861-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143137","display_name":"University of Louisville Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04sq8k219","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143137"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmed Kantardzic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville","CECS Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036859020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786","https://openalex.org/I4210143137"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2946,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81876913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"252","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9553251266479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7713360786437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.7242617607116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6448281407356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6181525588035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5874302983283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.524054765701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.48076388239860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4716165363788605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.46689924597740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.43354275822639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34644240140914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3416992127895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1307278275489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11388728022575378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11373335123062134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9553251266479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7713360786437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.7242617607116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6448281407356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6181525588035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5874302983283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.524054765701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.48076388239860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4716165363788605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.46689924597740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43354275822639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34644240140914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3416992127895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1307278275489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11388728022575378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11373335123062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13875860802039257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875860802039257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4121042","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","issn_l":"1387-5868","issn":["1387-5868","1542-7633","1573-9252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spatial Cognition &amp; Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78265068","https://openalex.org/W92077514","https://openalex.org/W188848701","https://openalex.org/W192260422","https://openalex.org/W1480883159","https://openalex.org/W1483928320","https://openalex.org/W1502790603","https://openalex.org/W1507563178","https://openalex.org/W1533501648","https://openalex.org/W1538372377","https://openalex.org/W1544772936","https://openalex.org/W1574611684","https://openalex.org/W1595003486","https://openalex.org/W1595721184","https://openalex.org/W1601395896","https://openalex.org/W1608885302","https://openalex.org/W1974392952","https://openalex.org/W1983565847","https://openalex.org/W1988455886","https://openalex.org/W2015809783","https://openalex.org/W2016973934","https://openalex.org/W2017883366","https://openalex.org/W2020977440","https://openalex.org/W2025784353","https://openalex.org/W2050096992","https://openalex.org/W2063631371","https://openalex.org/W2075200916","https://openalex.org/W2077251666","https://openalex.org/W2104827858","https://openalex.org/W2112404266","https://openalex.org/W2113142330","https://openalex.org/W2118303068","https://openalex.org/W2126505864","https://openalex.org/W2133412135","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2153736474","https://openalex.org/W2163049053","https://openalex.org/W2268053195","https://openalex.org/W2404201369","https://openalex.org/W2502991478","https://openalex.org/W2798448916","https://openalex.org/W4312693843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993438337","https://openalex.org/W2888475809","https://openalex.org/W4243161226","https://openalex.org/W2884328985","https://openalex.org/W2916925572","https://openalex.org/W1990932233","https://openalex.org/W3207656349","https://openalex.org/W2363198264","https://openalex.org/W4285814174","https://openalex.org/W4293872997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Landmarks":[1],"are":[2,86,92,139,160,170,311],"salient":[3,39,77],"objects":[4,137,261],"in":[5,13,103,120,206,243],"an":[6,10,57],"environment.":[7],"They":[8],"play":[9],"important":[11],"role":[12],"navigation":[14],"by":[15],"serving":[16],"as":[17,41,79,263],"orientation":[18],"aids":[19],"and":[20,73,131,144,166,187,216,231,283,300,304,308],"marking":[21],"decision":[22],"points.":[23],"Recently,":[24],"there":[25,91],"have":[26],"been":[27],"several":[28,94,297],"efforts":[29],"to":[30,33,66,99,105,141,153,182,201,253,302],"design":[31],"methods":[32],"automatically":[34],"designate":[35],"certain":[36],"buildings":[37],"with":[38,70,191,290],"features":[40],"landmarks.":[42],"All":[43],"of":[44,48,110,123,128,134,136,148,151,168,197,209,222,226,240,260,275],"these":[45,84,158],"methodologies":[46],"consist":[47],"similar":[49],"steps:":[50],"(a)":[51,236],"establishing":[52,75],"a":[53,129,184],"neighborhood,":[54],"usually":[55],"around":[56],"intersection,":[58],"(b)":[59,248],"performing":[60],"statistical":[61],"or":[62],"data":[63],"mining":[64],"analysis":[65],"find":[67],"the":[68,80,107,117,121,126,149,154,163,173,180,195,203,207,223,233,238,244,258,273,293,306],"building":[69,78],"outlier":[71],"characteristics,":[72],"(c)":[74,256],"this":[76,198],"local":[81],"landmark.":[82],"Although":[83],"advances":[85],"significant,":[87],"we":[88,229,295],"believe":[89],"that":[90,97,138,310],"still":[93],"key":[95],"issues":[96],"need":[98],"be":[100,183],"fully":[101],"addressed":[102],"order":[104],"realize":[106],"new":[108,224],"generation":[109,225],"Automatic":[111],"Landmark":[112],"Detection":[113],"Systems":[114],"(ALDSs).":[115],"Currently,":[116],"main":[118],"shortcomings":[119,159,205],"domain":[122,208],"ALDSs":[124,152,169],"is":[125,200],"lack":[127],"thorough":[130],"systematic":[132],"study":[133],"attributes":[135,241],"analyzed":[140,242],"select":[142],"landmarks,":[143],"deficient":[145],"experimental":[146],"verification":[147],"benefits":[150],"end":[155],"users.":[156],"Unless,":[157],"thoroughly":[161],"addressed,":[162],"viability,":[164],"applicability,":[165],"usefulness":[167],"uncertain.":[171],"On":[172],"other":[174],"hand,":[175],"automatic":[176],"landmark":[177,210,245,264],"detection":[178,246],"has":[179],"potential":[181],"dynamic,":[185],"fascinating,":[186],"interdisciplinary":[188],"research":[189],"topic":[190],"wide":[192],"applicability.":[193],"Therefore,":[194],"goal":[196],"paper":[199],"discuss":[202,230,296],"current":[204],"detection,":[211],"propose":[212],"some":[213],"preliminary":[214],"solutions,":[215],"provide":[217],"general":[218],"guidelines":[219],"for":[220,288],"implementation":[221],"ALDSs.":[227,291],"Specifically,":[228],"promote":[232],"importance":[234],"of:":[235],"widening":[237],"types":[239,259],"process,":[247],"weighting":[249],"each":[250],"attribute":[251],"relative":[252],"its":[254],"significance,":[255],"extending":[257],"considered":[262],"candidates":[265],"beyond":[266],"just":[267],"buildings,":[268],"(d)":[269],"identifying":[270,278],"landmarks":[271,280],"outside":[272],"vicinity":[274],"intersections,":[276],"(e)":[277],"false":[279],"along":[281],"routes,":[282],"(f)":[284],"using":[285],"virtual":[286],"environments":[287],"experiments":[289,301],"Throughout":[292],"paper,":[294],"demonstrative":[298],"examples":[299],"clarify":[303],"support":[305],"ideas":[307],"concepts":[309],"being":[312],"promoted.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
