{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976681415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241734","title":"Cluster discovery techniques for exploratory spatial data analysis","display_name":"Cluster discovery techniques for exploratory spatial data analysis","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976681415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241734","mag":"1976681415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/136588198241734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086957912","display_name":"Alan T. Murray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-6110"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ALAN T. MURRAY","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061047124","display_name":"Vladimir Estivill\u2010Castro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7775-0780"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"VLADIMIR ESTIVILL-CASTRO","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086957912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96748401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"431","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7685316801071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-data-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","score":0.6517389416694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.6476413011550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6348205804824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6188103556632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.5759127140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5626893043518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5454093813896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","score":0.4845410883426666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.43488478660583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3834218978881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2425875961780548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19837793707847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0654369592666626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7685316801071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120894424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","level":2,"score":0.6517389416694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.6476413011550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6348205804824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6188103556632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.5759127140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5626893043518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5454093813896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.4845410883426666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43488478660583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3834218978881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2425875961780548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19837793707847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0654369592666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/136588198241734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W325597738","https://openalex.org/W579599444","https://openalex.org/W1493454437","https://openalex.org/W1559810315","https://openalex.org/W1575476631","https://openalex.org/W1601529450","https://openalex.org/W1967345711","https://openalex.org/W1975552235","https://openalex.org/W1981891001","https://openalex.org/W1991912455","https://openalex.org/W1997648776","https://openalex.org/W1998000647","https://openalex.org/W1998736475","https://openalex.org/W1999590614","https://openalex.org/W2013634794","https://openalex.org/W2026589647","https://openalex.org/W2033626294","https://openalex.org/W2036597065","https://openalex.org/W2037164176","https://openalex.org/W2056119974","https://openalex.org/W2057691548","https://openalex.org/W2060223209","https://openalex.org/W2060739320","https://openalex.org/W2065124960","https://openalex.org/W2067477755","https://openalex.org/W2069300981","https://openalex.org/W2075107937","https://openalex.org/W2079970366","https://openalex.org/W2095897464","https://openalex.org/W2102750402","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2129905653","https://openalex.org/W2167297928","https://openalex.org/W2282743468","https://openalex.org/W2299467264","https://openalex.org/W2321327062","https://openalex.org/W2913066018","https://openalex.org/W2998778915","https://openalex.org/W2999729612","https://openalex.org/W4206454752","https://openalex.org/W4231029117","https://openalex.org/W4232294102","https://openalex.org/W4236708806","https://openalex.org/W4238194826","https://openalex.org/W4244764879","https://openalex.org/W4252521233","https://openalex.org/W4254237174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245696228","https://openalex.org/W3106582992","https://openalex.org/W2106505873","https://openalex.org/W4234525880","https://openalex.org/W1487661898","https://openalex.org/W4293708072","https://openalex.org/W2301896740","https://openalex.org/W2149507315","https://openalex.org/W2905990309","https://openalex.org/W319749340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,16,149],"paper":[2,150],"reviews":[3],"approaches":[4,64],"for":[5,54,157],"automated":[6,63],"pattern":[7],"spotting":[8],"and":[9,33,111,162],"knowledge":[10,34],"discovery":[11,35],"in":[12,31,36,70,75,77,117],"spatially":[13],"referenced":[14],"data.":[15],"is":[17,123],"an":[18,152],"emerging":[19],"field":[20,40],"which":[21],"to":[22,79,94,100,142],"date":[23],"has":[24,147],"received":[25],"developmental":[26],"contributions":[27],"primarily":[28],"from":[29],"researchers":[30],"statistics":[32],"databases":[37],"(KDD).":[38],"The":[39],"of":[41,86,105,113,128,139,154],"geographical":[42],"information":[43,87],"systems":[44],"(GIS)":[45],"has,":[46],"however,":[47],"recognized":[48],"its":[49],"importance":[50],"as":[51],"a":[52,102,135],"means":[53],"providing":[55],"more":[56],"exploratory":[57,158],"analysis":[58,161],"functionality.":[59],"Tools":[60],"based":[61],"upon":[62],"that":[65],"identify":[66],"potentially":[67],"important":[68],"relationships":[69,130],"spatial":[71,159],"data":[72,160],"are":[73,92],"essential":[74],"GIS":[76],"order":[78],"effectively":[80],"deal":[81],"with":[82,108],"the":[83,109,118,129,137],"increasing":[84],"amounts":[85],"being":[88],"gathered.":[89],"Clustering":[90],"techniques":[91,140],"proving":[93],"be":[95,101,143],"valuable,":[96],"but":[97],"there":[98,122],"appears":[99],"general":[103],"lack":[104],"understanding":[106],"associated":[107,163],"use":[110],"application":[112,164],"various":[114],"clustering":[115,132,155],"methods":[116,156],"geographic":[119],"domain.":[120],"Further,":[121],"little":[124],"if":[125],"any":[126],"recognition":[127],"between":[131],"methods.":[133],"As":[134],"result,":[136],"development":[138],"known":[141],"problematic":[144],"or":[145],"inferior":[146],"occurred.":[148],"presents":[151],"overview":[153],"issues.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}