{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412884636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2025.2541196","title":"Accurate three-dimensional mapping for detecting shaded urban sidewalks and assessing tree canopy coverage","display_name":"Accurate three-dimensional mapping for detecting shaded urban sidewalks and assessing tree canopy coverage","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412884636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2025.2541196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2025.2541196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2025.2541196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358850","display_name":"Shaojun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-4250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087374","display_name":"Nanjing Health and Health Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/0067hwx77","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087374"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaojun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province","Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-4250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101854825","display_name":"Yi Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4207-5516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122271","display_name":"Geographical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8vpa07","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122271","https://openalex.org/I4210128682","https://openalex.org/I4387152226"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN","HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University)","State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution","Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China","Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320377","display_name":"Ling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-8374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122271","display_name":"Geographical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8vpa07","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122271","https://openalex.org/I4210128682","https://openalex.org/I4387152226"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN","HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University)","State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution","State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing, China","Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China","Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-8374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382737","display_name":"Lihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-7561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau","Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101817853","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-3579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087374","display_name":"Nanjing Health and Health Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/0067hwx77","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087374"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province","Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100358850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531","https://openalex.org/I4210087374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23105994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"4","first_page":"979","last_page":"1004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5467145442962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.4693254828453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.4692796468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4645073115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.457850843667984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3880406320095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3643372654914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21601706743240356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5467145442962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.4693254828453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.4692796468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4645073115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.457850843667984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3880406320095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3643372654914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21601706743240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2025.2541196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2025.2541196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2660813852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42301528 and 42171403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7966455649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42301528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978244823","https://openalex.org/W1978338723","https://openalex.org/W2054054553","https://openalex.org/W2153384129","https://openalex.org/W2532001917","https://openalex.org/W2736845296","https://openalex.org/W2737258237","https://openalex.org/W2751293097","https://openalex.org/W2798659362","https://openalex.org/W2800697526","https://openalex.org/W2909541131","https://openalex.org/W2915953456","https://openalex.org/W2970031542","https://openalex.org/W3047048349","https://openalex.org/W3048165543","https://openalex.org/W3080631149","https://openalex.org/W3092250696","https://openalex.org/W3164773977","https://openalex.org/W3165495321","https://openalex.org/W3175151591","https://openalex.org/W3180659539","https://openalex.org/W3195494505","https://openalex.org/W3202938484","https://openalex.org/W3213165621","https://openalex.org/W4214528759","https://openalex.org/W4224224468","https://openalex.org/W4224230622","https://openalex.org/W4307729130","https://openalex.org/W4312566889","https://openalex.org/W4319786822","https://openalex.org/W4367838931","https://openalex.org/W4386357300","https://openalex.org/W4386457536","https://openalex.org/W4386578560","https://openalex.org/W4388493693","https://openalex.org/W4388991065","https://openalex.org/W4391656397","https://openalex.org/W4391867748","https://openalex.org/W4402518866","https://openalex.org/W4403582448","https://openalex.org/W4404612121","https://openalex.org/W4407357921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347729776","https://openalex.org/W2081457971","https://openalex.org/W2028659695","https://openalex.org/W2072749356","https://openalex.org/W2587804871","https://openalex.org/W2014400117","https://openalex.org/W4389236673","https://openalex.org/W2423785987","https://openalex.org/W4389056191","https://openalex.org/W4313890208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"greenery":[1],"and":[2,19,27,42,49,98,111,161,178],"shaded":[3,68,147],"sidewalks":[4,102],"can":[5,154],"mitigate":[6],"heat":[7],"radiation":[8],"hazards,":[9],"enhance":[10],"physiological":[11],"comfort,":[12],"and,":[13],"therefore,":[14],"contribute":[15],"to":[16,76,103,119,146,157,169],"public":[17],"health":[18],"sustainable":[20],"urban":[21,39],"development.":[22],"Advances":[23],"in":[24,38,63,143,149],"big":[25],"data":[26,110],"computer":[28],"vision":[29],"technologies":[30],"are":[31,61],"driving":[32],"human-centered":[33],"measurements":[34],"for":[35,56],"street":[36,58],"environments":[37],"spatial":[40,141],"modeling":[41],"analysis.":[43],"Currently,":[44],"remote":[45],"sensing":[46],"image":[47],"classification":[48],"green-view":[50],"index":[51],"calculations":[52],"provide":[53],"the":[54,121,124,128,150,173],"basis":[55],"assessing":[57],"canopies":[59],"but":[60],"ineffective":[62],"extracting":[64],"precise":[65],"segments":[66],"of":[67,123,135,175],"sidewalk.":[69],"This":[70,165],"study":[71,151],"introduces":[72],"a":[73],"novel":[74],"method":[75,94,166],"construct":[77],"three-dimensional":[78],"(3D)":[79],"semantic":[80],"point":[81],"clouds":[82],"via":[83],"integrating":[84],"geospatial":[85],"semantics":[86],"from":[87,114],"panoramic":[88],"images":[89],"with":[90,130],"depth":[91],"information.":[92],"The":[93,133],"extracts":[95],"sidewalk":[96],"lines":[97],"canopy":[99,129,136],"shadows":[100],"along":[101],"increase":[104],"mapping":[105],"accuracy.":[106,132],"Manually":[107],"annotated":[108],"ground-truth":[109],"experimental":[112],"results":[113,134],"Hong":[115],"Kong":[116],"were":[117],"used":[118,156],"validate":[120],"reliability":[122],"model,":[125],"which":[126,153],"identified":[127],"94.8%":[131],"coverage":[137],"analysis":[138],"revealed":[139],"large":[140],"inequity":[142],"pedestrian":[144,162],"access":[145],"streets":[148],"area,":[152],"be":[155],"inform":[158],"greenspace":[159],"optimization":[160],"route":[163],"planning.":[164],"is":[167],"generalizable":[168],"other":[170],"cities,":[171],"supporting":[172],"development":[174],"healthy":[176],"cities":[177],"user-centric":[179],"information":[180],"services.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T06:11:07.267592","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}