{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282980214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2022.2087224","title":"A machine learning approach to extracting spatial information from geological texts in Chinese","display_name":"A machine learning approach to extracting spatial information from geological texts in Chinese","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282980214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2022.2087224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2022.2087224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2022.2087224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012944285","display_name":"Deping Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-4973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deping Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-4973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062101784","display_name":"Bo Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-5419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-5419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339445","display_name":"Hong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-6205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055836444","display_name":"Shuai Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075762833","display_name":"Jinming Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729161","display_name":"Yiyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-9505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038513013","display_name":"Kuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-3017"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Zondy Cyber, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Zondy Cyber, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047851681","display_name":"Hui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1679-6560"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Zondy Cyber, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Zondy Cyber, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062101784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.8227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.994361,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"11","first_page":"2169","last_page":"2193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relation","display_name":"Spatial relation","score":0.8684324026107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-extraction","display_name":"Relationship extraction","score":0.6933421492576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6493247747421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.6358115673065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.6351453065872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6244033575057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45373764634132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4513971209526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4279305636882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3955092132091522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.388820618391037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3357686698436737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.269003689289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.136827290058136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27511587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relation","level":2,"score":0.8684324026107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153604712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310755","display_name":"Relationship extraction","level":3,"score":0.6933421492576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6493247747421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.6358115673065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6351453065872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6244033575057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45373764634132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4513971209526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4279305636882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3955092132091522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.388820618391037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3357686698436737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.269003689289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.136827290058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2022.2087224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2022.2087224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2060045531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489949474","https://openalex.org/W1510042363","https://openalex.org/W1844476468","https://openalex.org/W1967002950","https://openalex.org/W1981388297","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2000768282","https://openalex.org/W2016283141","https://openalex.org/W2023448752","https://openalex.org/W2046491822","https://openalex.org/W2051583779","https://openalex.org/W2068931720","https://openalex.org/W2073792037","https://openalex.org/W2078319779","https://openalex.org/W2120877261","https://openalex.org/W2127978399","https://openalex.org/W2143949131","https://openalex.org/W2147768114","https://openalex.org/W2165442870","https://openalex.org/W2183114698","https://openalex.org/W2232423508","https://openalex.org/W2288493755","https://openalex.org/W2292543405","https://openalex.org/W2488767942","https://openalex.org/W2515462165","https://openalex.org/W2521186745","https://openalex.org/W2621132165","https://openalex.org/W2749709243","https://openalex.org/W2767550278","https://openalex.org/W2770711471","https://openalex.org/W2772700764","https://openalex.org/W2777386034","https://openalex.org/W2777670633","https://openalex.org/W2799516079","https://openalex.org/W2889721736","https://openalex.org/W2911014965","https://openalex.org/W2944729560","https://openalex.org/W2947367518","https://openalex.org/W2951407639","https://openalex.org/W2962902328","https://openalex.org/W2964244136","https://openalex.org/W2968187429","https://openalex.org/W2980493241","https://openalex.org/W2982441053","https://openalex.org/W2991026093","https://openalex.org/W2998386822","https://openalex.org/W3005237274","https://openalex.org/W3010240004","https://openalex.org/W3023993313","https://openalex.org/W3025212340","https://openalex.org/W3035009330","https://openalex.org/W3035927493","https://openalex.org/W3042401029","https://openalex.org/W3045601694","https://openalex.org/W3047603432","https://openalex.org/W3049165041","https://openalex.org/W3086711114","https://openalex.org/W3088302804","https://openalex.org/W3089604164","https://openalex.org/W3089876042","https://openalex.org/W3098932583","https://openalex.org/W3099652303","https://openalex.org/W3099708324","https://openalex.org/W3109454551","https://openalex.org/W3117168610","https://openalex.org/W3133507029","https://openalex.org/W3155855533","https://openalex.org/W3158630138","https://openalex.org/W3164032516","https://openalex.org/W3195179643","https://openalex.org/W3198542749","https://openalex.org/W3199265243","https://openalex.org/W4200113640","https://openalex.org/W4210434448","https://openalex.org/W4239025696","https://openalex.org/W4292083459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2976808399","https://openalex.org/W2609844752","https://openalex.org/W2981341912","https://openalex.org/W4385734297","https://openalex.org/W4285246823","https://openalex.org/W4226278302","https://openalex.org/W2547211086","https://openalex.org/W4221160509","https://openalex.org/W3114142812","https://openalex.org/W2578621148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Texts":[0],"have":[1],"become":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"spatial":[5,34,58,67,85,94,103,138,151,155,164],"data":[6,39],"resource.":[7],"Interpretation":[8],"of":[9,25,33,78,135,162,176],"unstructured":[10],"geoscience":[11,38,45],"texts":[12,90],"using":[13],"natural":[14],"language":[15],"processing":[16],"methods":[17],"can":[18],"effectively":[19],"facilitate":[20],"the":[21,31,76,125,136,145,148,159],"discovery":[22],"and":[23,81,99,116,120,143,173,180],"retrieval":[24],"geographic":[26],"information.":[27],"Yet":[28],"studies":[29],"on":[30,140],"extraction":[32,69],"information":[35],"from":[36,150],"textual":[37],"are":[40,105],"limited":[41],"compared":[42],"to":[43,154],"digital":[44],"data.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,166],"work,":[49],"a":[50,71,129],"machine":[51],"learning":[52],"approach":[53,65],"is":[54],"proposed":[55,126],"for":[56,170],"mining":[57,83],"relations":[59,95,104,115,139],"in":[60,147,182],"Chinese":[61],"geological":[62,89],"texts.":[63],"The":[64,87,101],"views":[66],"relation":[68,79,156],"as":[70],"sequence":[72],"labeling":[73],"problem,":[74],"avoids":[75],"division":[77],"categories,":[80],"enables":[82],"fine-grained":[84],"relations.":[86],"extracted":[88,102,137],"commonly":[91],"describe":[92],"three-dimensional":[93],"among":[96],"regions,":[97],"strata,":[98],"lithologies.":[100],"classified":[106],"into":[107],"three":[108],"major":[109],"categories":[110],"(topological":[111],"relations,":[112,165],"absolute":[113],"directional":[114,118],"relative":[117],"relations)":[119],"14":[121],"subcategories.":[122],"We":[123],"validated":[124],"model":[127],"with":[128],"test":[130],"dataset,":[131],"constructed":[132],"visual":[133],"displays":[134],"different":[141],"topics,":[142],"quantified":[144],"uncertainty":[146],"process":[149],"entity":[152],"recognition":[153],"extraction.":[157],"With":[158],"detailed":[160],"portrayal":[161],"these":[163],"study":[167],"provides":[168],"support":[169],"solving":[171],"theoretical":[172],"practical":[174],"problems":[175],"cognition,":[177],"prediction,":[178],"decision-making,":[179],"evaluation":[181],"geoscience.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
