{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016555898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2020.1748192","title":"Urban expansion in Auckland, New Zealand: a GIS simulation via an intelligent self-adapting multiscale agent-based model","display_name":"Urban expansion in Auckland, New Zealand: a GIS simulation via an intelligent self-adapting multiscale agent-based model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016555898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2020.1748192","mag":"3016555898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2020.1748192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2020.1748192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Urban_expansion_in_Auckland_New_Zealand_a_GIS_simulation_via_an_intelligent_self-adapting_multiscale_agent-based_model/12143637","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101826371","display_name":"Tingting Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-1413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-1413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005536337","display_name":"Jay Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-523X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043686349","display_name":"Giovanni Coco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-1602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Coco","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000423121","display_name":"Shuliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-7209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101826371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9209293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"11","first_page":"2136","last_page":"2159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14509","display_name":"demographic modeling and climate adaptation","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"Urban expansion","score":0.7817176580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automaton","display_name":"Cellular automaton","score":0.7419351935386658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6239436268806458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5955352783203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agent-based-model","display_name":"Agent-based model","score":0.591369092464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-agent","display_name":"Intelligent agent","score":0.5526707768440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5195489525794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.48904427886009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47583651542663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.43628358840942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.42352068424224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.37424808740615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.37350398302078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3617427349090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35986292362213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21421045064926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19276481866836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.16533315181732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.1542799174785614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984674859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban expansion","level":3,"score":0.7817176580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.7419351935386658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6239436268806458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5955352783203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392811","display_name":"Agent-based model","level":2,"score":0.591369092464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.5526707768440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5195489525794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48904427886009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47583651542663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.43628358840942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.42352068424224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.37424808740615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.37350398302078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3617427349090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35986292362213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21421045064926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19276481866836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.16533315181732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.1542799174785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2020.1748192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2020.1748192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/12143637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Urban_expansion_in_Auckland_New_Zealand_a_GIS_simulation_via_an_intelligent_self-adapting_multiscale_agent-based_model/12143637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12143637.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12143637.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/12143637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Urban_expansion_in_Auckland_New_Zealand_a_GIS_simulation_via_an_intelligent_self-adapting_multiscale_agent-based_model/12143637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54970607","https://openalex.org/W155720748","https://openalex.org/W1557038847","https://openalex.org/W1815391834","https://openalex.org/W1964671817","https://openalex.org/W1970236910","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1974395471","https://openalex.org/W1978153681","https://openalex.org/W1979316391","https://openalex.org/W1983798438","https://openalex.org/W1983988816","https://openalex.org/W1989939075","https://openalex.org/W1999206029","https://openalex.org/W2000078615","https://openalex.org/W2000780794","https://openalex.org/W2010524426","https://openalex.org/W2023201792","https://openalex.org/W2025406778","https://openalex.org/W2033176844","https://openalex.org/W2039742252","https://openalex.org/W2041588414","https://openalex.org/W2047096735","https://openalex.org/W2049259116","https://openalex.org/W2050961965","https://openalex.org/W2058560977","https://openalex.org/W2061889996","https://openalex.org/W2087054423","https://openalex.org/W2089600757","https://openalex.org/W2094765880","https://openalex.org/W2095005842","https://openalex.org/W2102716909","https://openalex.org/W2105796479","https://openalex.org/W2106100979","https://openalex.org/W2130257376","https://openalex.org/W2135031052","https://openalex.org/W2135617432","https://openalex.org/W2142893550","https://openalex.org/W2143115928","https://openalex.org/W2146903918","https://openalex.org/W2156484217","https://openalex.org/W2157528778","https://openalex.org/W2168765914","https://openalex.org/W2171730709","https://openalex.org/W2219045012","https://openalex.org/W2346035507","https://openalex.org/W2461582543","https://openalex.org/W2500678475","https://openalex.org/W2513172296","https://openalex.org/W2553838540","https://openalex.org/W2579745099","https://openalex.org/W2591652998","https://openalex.org/W2604765399","https://openalex.org/W2605204967","https://openalex.org/W2765655887","https://openalex.org/W2766051419","https://openalex.org/W2766529052","https://openalex.org/W2781992215","https://openalex.org/W2789565606","https://openalex.org/W2792263672","https://openalex.org/W2793216251","https://openalex.org/W2807161051","https://openalex.org/W2886877128","https://openalex.org/W2899979574","https://openalex.org/W2901606418","https://openalex.org/W2924696584","https://openalex.org/W2928888837","https://openalex.org/W2966588200","https://openalex.org/W2969748696","https://openalex.org/W3011439212","https://openalex.org/W3122974599","https://openalex.org/W4255583089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030816003","https://openalex.org/W2164619678","https://openalex.org/W2033176844","https://openalex.org/W2977415808","https://openalex.org/W2142578199","https://openalex.org/W3210176577","https://openalex.org/W3016555898","https://openalex.org/W2073543584","https://openalex.org/W3035979542","https://openalex.org/W2168640479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"When":[1],"modelling":[2,66],"urban":[3,27,45,55,118],"expansion":[4,28,46,56,119],"dynamics,":[5],"cellular":[6],"automata":[7],"models":[8],"focus":[9],"mostly":[10,190],"on":[11],"the":[12,20,24,44,104,110,117,124,144,168,184,192],"physical":[13],"environments":[14],"and":[15,75,83,107,126,135,146,171],"cell":[16],"neighbours,":[17],"but":[18],"ignore":[19],"\u2018human\u2019":[21],"aspect":[22],"of":[23,26,47,53,79,109,120,160],"allocation":[25],"cells.":[29],"This":[30],"limitation":[31],"is":[32,150],"overcome":[33],"here":[34],"using":[35],"an":[36,98,154,175],"intelligent":[37,145],"self-adapting":[38,147],"multiscale":[39],"agent-based":[40],"model.":[41],"To":[42],"simulate":[43],"Auckland,":[48],"New":[49],"Zealand,":[50],"a":[51,71,157],"total":[52],"15":[54],"drivers/constraints":[57],"were":[58],"considered":[59],"over":[60],"two":[61],"periods":[62],"(2000\u20132005,":[63],"2005\u20132010).":[64],"The":[65,113,138],"takes":[67],"into":[68],"consideration":[69],"both":[70,123],"macro-scale":[72],"agent":[73,161],"(government)":[74],"micro-scale":[76],"agents":[77],"(residents":[78],"three":[80],"income":[81],"levels),":[82],"their":[84],"multi-level":[85],"interactions.":[86],"In":[87],"order":[88],"to":[89,102],"achieve":[90],"reliable":[91],"simulation":[92,131,140,164,180],"results,":[93],"ABM":[94,155],"was":[95],"coupled":[96],"with":[97,129,156],"artificial":[99],"neural":[100],"network":[101],"reveal":[103],"learning":[105],"process":[106],"heterogeneity":[108],"multi-sub-residential":[111],"agents.":[112],"ANN-ABM":[114,148],"accurately":[115],"simulated":[116],"Auckland":[121],"at":[122,133,167,183],"global":[125,169],"local":[127,185],"scales,":[128],"kappa":[130],"value":[132],"0.48":[134],"0.55,":[136],"respectively.":[137],"validated":[139],"result":[141],"shows":[142],"that":[143],"approach":[149],"more":[151,172],"accurate":[152,173],"than":[153,174],"general":[158],"type":[159],"model":[162,178],"(kappa":[163,179],"=":[165,181],"0.42)":[166],"scale,":[170],"ANN-based":[176],"CA":[177],"0.47)":[182],"scale.":[186],"Simulation":[187],"inaccuracy":[188],"stems":[189],"from":[191],"outdated":[193],"master":[194],"land":[195],"use":[196],"plan.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}