{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989734229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1694680","title":"Data-driven approach to characterize urban vitality: how spatiotemporal context dynamically defines Seoul\u2019s nighttime","display_name":"Data-driven approach to characterize urban vitality: how spatiotemporal context dynamically defines Seoul\u2019s nighttime","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989734229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1694680","mag":"2989734229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2019.1694680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1694680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036279365","display_name":"Young-Long Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-8002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119966","display_name":"Gyeonggi Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02hbjae69","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young-Long Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gyeonggi Research Institute","Gyeonggi Research Institute, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-8002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gyeonggi Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gyeonggi Research Institute, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036279365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92321239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"6","first_page":"1235","last_page":"1256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitality","display_name":"Vitality","score":0.6723724603652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6541492342948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6538581252098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5409229397773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5264511704444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.5098089575767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.49516788125038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47778210043907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4370710849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4098270833492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.38919803500175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2984923720359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2868611216545105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936872","display_name":"Vitality","level":2,"score":0.6723724603652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6541492342948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6538581252098083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5409229397773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5264511704444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5098089575767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.49516788125038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47778210043907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4370710849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4098270833492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.38919803500175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2984923720359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2868611216545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2019.1694680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1694680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133966567","https://openalex.org/W576254601","https://openalex.org/W576282001","https://openalex.org/W584790758","https://openalex.org/W639608316","https://openalex.org/W1497271926","https://openalex.org/W1526030864","https://openalex.org/W1605592858","https://openalex.org/W1780252867","https://openalex.org/W1969085745","https://openalex.org/W1972631516","https://openalex.org/W1977481888","https://openalex.org/W1981506684","https://openalex.org/W1982473893","https://openalex.org/W1985004693","https://openalex.org/W1987008283","https://openalex.org/W1987264627","https://openalex.org/W1988098956","https://openalex.org/W1990897691","https://openalex.org/W1992354493","https://openalex.org/W2001427122","https://openalex.org/W2002967408","https://openalex.org/W2006047816","https://openalex.org/W2007443624","https://openalex.org/W2008046668","https://openalex.org/W2009624305","https://openalex.org/W2014243765","https://openalex.org/W2015218890","https://openalex.org/W2015394331","https://openalex.org/W2019859844","https://openalex.org/W2028391388","https://openalex.org/W2032809680","https://openalex.org/W2033226694","https://openalex.org/W2035910515","https://openalex.org/W2043104192","https://openalex.org/W2043576405","https://openalex.org/W2045974090","https://openalex.org/W2047787392","https://openalex.org/W2056487692","https://openalex.org/W2056814289","https://openalex.org/W2062092090","https://openalex.org/W2062738234","https://openalex.org/W2074668552","https://openalex.org/W2076175044","https://openalex.org/W2076271421","https://openalex.org/W2076713385","https://openalex.org/W2084439171","https://openalex.org/W2085009188","https://openalex.org/W2086516216","https://openalex.org/W2095471195","https://openalex.org/W2095998117","https://openalex.org/W2096330276","https://openalex.org/W2098013623","https://openalex.org/W2105662747","https://openalex.org/W2107871422","https://openalex.org/W2108369055","https://openalex.org/W2108874203","https://openalex.org/W2110015285","https://openalex.org/W2111561865","https://openalex.org/W2112031167","https://openalex.org/W2125027820","https://openalex.org/W2126083426","https://openalex.org/W2128332245","https://openalex.org/W2128985640","https://openalex.org/W2129284678","https://openalex.org/W2144148350","https://openalex.org/W2144321583","https://openalex.org/W2147092478","https://openalex.org/W2150893735","https://openalex.org/W2155431733","https://openalex.org/W2156484524","https://openalex.org/W2156572918","https://openalex.org/W2156689933","https://openalex.org/W2161835334","https://openalex.org/W2167027738","https://openalex.org/W2169956064","https://openalex.org/W2197101241","https://openalex.org/W2203532987","https://openalex.org/W2274718884","https://openalex.org/W2298833372","https://openalex.org/W2312801839","https://openalex.org/W2319794630","https://openalex.org/W2468694864","https://openalex.org/W2481849683","https://openalex.org/W2495158787","https://openalex.org/W2498700164","https://openalex.org/W2547221248","https://openalex.org/W2548753368","https://openalex.org/W2587728836","https://openalex.org/W2603851622","https://openalex.org/W2615184001","https://openalex.org/W2653311480","https://openalex.org/W2802237915","https://openalex.org/W2804538869","https://openalex.org/W2808745938","https://openalex.org/W2921659045","https://openalex.org/W3021971632","https://openalex.org/W3098098882","https://openalex.org/W4229924171","https://openalex.org/W4231507510","https://openalex.org/W4236187877","https://openalex.org/W4238767123","https://openalex.org/W4246350664","https://openalex.org/W4247829041","https://openalex.org/W4248812885","https://openalex.org/W4253206806","https://openalex.org/W4292156489","https://openalex.org/W4298286109","https://openalex.org/W4319590331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2752150657","https://openalex.org/W2968549252","https://openalex.org/W4353001384","https://openalex.org/W2495634133","https://openalex.org/W2356578566","https://openalex.org/W2358296490","https://openalex.org/W1968475104","https://openalex.org/W2899564673","https://openalex.org/W2118010945","https://openalex.org/W1998713996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,98,150],"study":[1,44],"takes":[2],"a":[3,26,42,79,88,94,114],"data-driven":[4,63,115],"approach":[5,151],"to":[6,53,72,85,93,112,138,178],"define":[7],"urban":[8,16,127],"nighttime":[9,156],"by":[10,162],"examining":[11],"the":[12,48,68,122,148,163,181,186],"spatiotemporal":[13,20,49],"dynamics":[14],"of":[15,31,62,66,90,105,117,126,166,188],"vitality.":[17,128],"Using":[18,37],"micro-scale":[19],"analysis,":[21],"this":[22,76,170],"paper":[23,77,99,171],"empirically":[24],"provides":[25],"comprehensive,":[27],"yet":[28],"granular,":[29],"picture":[30],"collective":[32],"human":[33],"behaviors":[34],"in":[35,51,59,108,110,154],"cities.":[36],"Seoul,":[38],"South":[39],"Korea":[40],"as":[41],"case":[43],"site,":[45],"it":[46],"prioritizes":[47],"context":[50],"order":[52,111],"mitigate":[54],"uncertain":[55],"contextual":[56],"effects":[57],"inherent":[58],"such":[60],"forms":[61],"analysis.":[64],"Instead":[65],"leaving":[67],"data":[69,92],"re-grouping":[70],"up":[71],"researcher\u2019s":[73],"arbitrary":[74],"decision,":[75],"employs":[78],"functional":[80,96],"principal":[81,118,130],"component":[82],"analysis":[83],"(FPCA)":[84],"systematically":[86],"transform":[87],"set":[89],"discrete":[91],"continuous":[95],"form.":[97],"applies":[100],"FPCA":[101],"on":[102],"24-hour-based":[103],"dataset":[104],"pedestrian":[106],"traffic":[107],"Seoul":[109],"make":[113],"extraction":[116],"components":[119,131],"that":[120,141,159],"characterize":[121],"city\u2019s":[123],"unique":[124],"patterns":[125,158],"Extracting":[129],"allows":[132],"for":[133],"less":[134],"statistically":[135],"obvious":[136],"phenomena":[137],"be":[139],"measured":[140],"would":[142],"have":[143],"otherwise":[144],"been":[145],"hidden":[146],"within":[147],"data.":[149],"proved":[152],"successful":[153],"capturing":[155],"vitality":[157],"are":[160],"eclipsed":[161],"overwhelming":[164],"trend":[165],"daytime":[167],"patterns.":[168],"Additionally,":[169],"compares":[172],"differences":[173,182],"between":[174],"regions":[175],"and":[176],"seasons":[177],"examine":[179],"what":[180],"can":[183],"tell":[184],"about":[185],"definition":[187],"nighttime.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-14T06:23:00.392402","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}