{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969595744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1650363","title":"Integrated edge detection and terrain analysis for agricultural terrace delineation from remote sensing images","display_name":"Integrated edge detection and terrain analysis for agricultural terrace delineation from remote sensing images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969595744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1650363","mag":"2969595744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2019.1650363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1650363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068947880","display_name":"Wen Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-644X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-644X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072003794","display_name":"Jiaming Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6696-975X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108690341","display_name":"Nan Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750984","display_name":"Guanghui Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghui Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079228292","display_name":"Xin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-5408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-5408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053457530","display_name":"Guoan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1443-6134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024560174","display_name":"Liyang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-3319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-3319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061084358","display_name":"Fayuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-5193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fayuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079228292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.012,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93053047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"3","first_page":"484","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrace","display_name":"Terrace (agriculture)","score":0.893408477306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canny-edge-detector","display_name":"Canny edge detector","score":0.7244674563407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6321477890014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.5492317080497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5192368626594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4850279688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4498875141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3672359585762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.331905722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.32604360580444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32581984996795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.23537415266036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.187498539686203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15240800380706787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776638177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838625","display_name":"Terrace (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.893408477306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14705441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597183","display_name":"Canny edge detector","level":5,"score":0.7244674563407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6321477890014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.5492317080497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5192368626594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4850279688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4498875141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3672359585762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.331905722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.32604360580444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32581984996795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.23537415266036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.187498539686203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15240800380706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2019.1650363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1650363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310902","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321435","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321927","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324852","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325211","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328006","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181107242","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1546744435","https://openalex.org/W1964262728","https://openalex.org/W1971273486","https://openalex.org/W1972544340","https://openalex.org/W1980187444","https://openalex.org/W1980272579","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1985727347","https://openalex.org/W1991613690","https://openalex.org/W1991888639","https://openalex.org/W1994953282","https://openalex.org/W2000563201","https://openalex.org/W2003370853","https://openalex.org/W2029377763","https://openalex.org/W2042976030","https://openalex.org/W2057738840","https://openalex.org/W2059901326","https://openalex.org/W2060991724","https://openalex.org/W2062359065","https://openalex.org/W2069735046","https://openalex.org/W2071132964","https://openalex.org/W2080059082","https://openalex.org/W2082081125","https://openalex.org/W2084134149","https://openalex.org/W2092836955","https://openalex.org/W2102048636","https://openalex.org/W2112583669","https://openalex.org/W2121765457","https://openalex.org/W2133088355","https://openalex.org/W2151897820","https://openalex.org/W2160072137","https://openalex.org/W2375807394","https://openalex.org/W2376552028","https://openalex.org/W2382092349","https://openalex.org/W2395811491","https://openalex.org/W2561080224","https://openalex.org/W2619486887","https://openalex.org/W2620082686","https://openalex.org/W2720510343","https://openalex.org/W2769965774","https://openalex.org/W2774791084","https://openalex.org/W2901131011","https://openalex.org/W2916682290","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3147666862","https://openalex.org/W3151930667","https://openalex.org/W4229956916","https://openalex.org/W4237354932","https://openalex.org/W4250533120","https://openalex.org/W4251530686","https://openalex.org/W4309636146","https://openalex.org/W4376523873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3169126738","https://openalex.org/W1994279415","https://openalex.org/W2558559991","https://openalex.org/W1986338341","https://openalex.org/W2545065926","https://openalex.org/W2980082320","https://openalex.org/W2387510934","https://openalex.org/W2015446345","https://openalex.org/W3004771112","https://openalex.org/W3132644099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agricultural":[0],"terraces":[1],"are":[2],"important":[3],"for":[4],"agricultural":[5],"production":[6],"and":[7,13,19,32,58,73,95,102,117,159,168,173,180,186],"soil-and-water":[8],"conservation.":[9],"They":[10],"comprise":[11],"treads":[12],"risers":[14,24,38,52,107],"that":[15,153],"require":[16],"manual":[17],"construction":[18],"maintenance.":[20],"If":[21],"managed":[22],"improperly,":[23],"will":[25],"collapse,":[26],"causing":[27],"soil":[28],"loss,":[29],"gully":[30],"erosion,":[31],"cultivation":[33],"threats.":[34],"However,":[35],"mapping":[36,162],"terrace":[37,51,106,131,163],"remains":[39],"a":[40,45,64,70,81],"challenge.":[41],"This":[42,176],"study":[43,139],"presents":[44],"novel":[46],"approach":[47,134,155,177],"to":[48,90,128],"automatically":[49],"map":[50],"by":[53],"combining":[54],"remote":[55],"sensing":[56],"images":[57,185],"digital":[59],"elevation":[60],"models":[61],"(DEMs).":[62],"First,":[63],"terraced":[65],"hillslope":[66],"was":[67,88,135],"extracted":[68],"via":[69,108],"hill-shading":[71],"method":[72],"edges":[74,96],"in":[75,145,161],"the":[76,86,92,112,118,123,146,154],"image":[77,120],"were":[78,100,126,170],"detected":[79],"using":[80,137],"Canny":[82,124],"edge":[83,119],"detector.":[84],"Next,":[85],"DEM":[87,187],"used":[89],"generate":[91],"contour":[93],"direction,":[94],"along":[97],"this":[98],"direction":[99],"searched":[101],"coded":[103],"as":[104],"candidate":[105],"directional":[109,115],"detection.":[110],"Finally,":[111],"results":[113,151],"of":[114],"detection":[116],"obtained":[121],"from":[122],"detector":[125],"overlaid":[127],"backtrack":[129],"complete":[130],"risers.":[132,164],"The":[133,150,165],"validated":[136],"four":[138],"areas":[140],"with":[141,182],"different":[142],"topographic":[143],"characteristics":[144],"Loess":[147],"Plateau,":[148],"China.":[149],"verify":[152],"achieves":[156],"outstanding":[157],"performance":[158],"robustness":[160],"precision,":[166],"recall,":[167],"F-measure":[169],"90.81%\u201397.57%,":[171],"88.53%\u201394.10%,":[172],"90.13%\u201395.80%,":[174],"respectively.":[175],"is":[178],"flexible":[179],"applicable":[181],"freely":[183],"available":[184],"sources.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}