{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2767271144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","title":"A new geodemographic classification of commuting flows for England and Wales","display_name":"A new geodemographic classification of commuting flows for England and Wales","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2767271144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","mag":"2767271144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080174341","display_name":"Stephen Hincks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Hincks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025884430","display_name":"Richard Kingston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-5505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Kingston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Planning and Environmental Management, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Planning and Environmental Management, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Brian Webb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-6471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Webb","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-6471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056791606","display_name":"Cecilia Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2375-8474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Planning and Environmental Management, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Planning and Environmental Management, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080174341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":602,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":649},"fwci":4.6155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93841695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"663","last_page":"684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12783","display_name":"Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/census","display_name":"Census","score":0.7957373261451721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.7190539240837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.522540271282196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.4755553603172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.4693008065223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.44149333238601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","score":0.43041175603866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genealogy","display_name":"Genealogy","score":0.3371344804763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2984185218811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.18579822778701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.17091625928878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.1646498143672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12165045738220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.09112602472305298}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.7957373261451721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.7190539240837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.522540271282196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.4755553603172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.4693008065223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.44149333238601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.43041175603866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.3371344804763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2984185218811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.18579822778701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17091625928878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1646498143672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12165045738220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.09112602472305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/8d24955c-e6a9-4194-9bce-c8e21d816c51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/8d24955c-e6a9-4194-9bce-c8e21d816c51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hincks, S, Kingston, R, Webb, B & Wong, C 2018, 'A New Geodemographic Classification of Commuting Flows for England and Wales', International Journal of Geographical Information Science, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 663-684. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:124097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658816.2017.1407416?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3101211326","display_name":"Transportation and the socio-spatial dimensions of travel to work flows","funder_award_id":"ES/L014459/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4036823495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/L014459/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2767271144.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482614332","https://openalex.org/W1496931554","https://openalex.org/W1951990876","https://openalex.org/W1968105746","https://openalex.org/W1976182638","https://openalex.org/W1978179853","https://openalex.org/W1981092044","https://openalex.org/W1982013231","https://openalex.org/W1983439863","https://openalex.org/W1995761138","https://openalex.org/W2004830690","https://openalex.org/W2006745053","https://openalex.org/W2018474251","https://openalex.org/W2038903033","https://openalex.org/W2044600742","https://openalex.org/W2046346863","https://openalex.org/W2048239613","https://openalex.org/W2055195882","https://openalex.org/W2058288512","https://openalex.org/W2061348845","https://openalex.org/W2062764384","https://openalex.org/W2063882540","https://openalex.org/W2070815439","https://openalex.org/W2071129960","https://openalex.org/W2085230521","https://openalex.org/W2085487226","https://openalex.org/W2087841361","https://openalex.org/W2119576654","https://openalex.org/W2126485393","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2158309494","https://openalex.org/W2180940404","https://openalex.org/W2434182841","https://openalex.org/W2436054568","https://openalex.org/W2498597779","https://openalex.org/W2898408775","https://openalex.org/W4230364199","https://openalex.org/W4230756844","https://openalex.org/W4242697679","https://openalex.org/W4249515827","https://openalex.org/W4254830174","https://openalex.org/W4385400191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564189078","https://openalex.org/W2909513507","https://openalex.org/W2322067949","https://openalex.org/W4312324953","https://openalex.org/W2909843821","https://openalex.org/W2910892129","https://openalex.org/W2917171363","https://openalex.org/W2909498625","https://openalex.org/W2979281417","https://openalex.org/W4385213351"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,5,34,72,114,130,134,184],"contribute":[4],"the":[6,12,35,47,85,93,135,148,178],"area":[7],"of":[8,14,21,37,46,50,84,92,96,107,118,138,142,145,157],"geodemographic":[9],"research":[10,173],"through":[11],"development":[13],"a":[15,116,143,153],"new":[16],"and":[17,25,52,65,98,125,161,169,174,177,187],"novel":[18],"flow-based":[19,74],"classification":[20,102,164],"commuting":[22,38,158],"for":[23,77],"England":[24,51,97,160],"Wales.":[26,99,162],"In":[27],"doing":[28],"so,":[29],"it":[30],"applies":[31],"an":[32,105],"approach":[33,179],"analysis":[36],"in":[39,104,159],"which":[40,110],"origin-destination":[41,190],"flow-data,":[42],"collected":[43],"as":[44,90],"part":[45,91],"2011":[48,94],"census":[49,95],"Wales,":[53],"are":[54,192],"segmented":[55],"into":[56],"groups":[57],"based":[58,194],"on":[59,195],"shared":[60],"similarities":[61],"across":[62],"multiple":[63],"demographic":[64],"socioeconomic":[66],"attributes.":[67],"k-Means":[68],"clustering":[69],"was":[70,123],"applied":[71],"49":[73],"commuter":[75,196],"variables":[76],"513,892":[78],"interactions":[79],"that":[80],"captured":[81],"18.4":[82],"million":[83,87],"26.5":[86],"workers":[88],"recorded":[89],"The":[100,163],"final":[101],"resulted":[103],"upper-tier":[106],"nine":[108],"\u2018Supergroups\u2019":[109],"were":[111],"subsequently":[112],"partitioned":[113],"derive":[115],"lower-tier":[117],"40":[119],"\u2018Groups\u2019.":[120],"A":[121],"nomenclature":[122],"developed":[124],"associated":[126],"pen":[127],"portraits":[128],"derived":[129],"provide":[131],"basic":[132],"signposting":[133],"dominant":[136],"characteristics":[137],"each":[139],"cluster.":[140],"Analysis":[141],"selection":[144],"patterns":[146],"underlying":[147],"ninefold":[149],"Supergroup":[150],"configuration":[151],"revealed":[152],"highly":[154],"variegated":[155],"structure":[156],"has":[165],"potentially":[166],"wide-ranging":[167],"descriptive":[168],"analytical":[170],"applications":[171],"within":[172],"policy":[175],"domains":[176],"would":[180],"be":[181],"equally":[182],"transferable":[183],"other":[185],"countries":[186],"contexts":[188],"where":[189],"data":[191],"disaggregated":[193],"characteristics.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}