{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2298261490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","title":"Establishing a framework for Open Geographic Information science","display_name":"Establishing a framework for Open Geographic Information science","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2298261490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","mag":"2298261490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039202251","display_name":"Alex Singleton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2338-2334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex David Singleton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078177514","display_name":"Seth Spielman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-7632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Spielman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082892178","display_name":"Chris Brunsdon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4254-1780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Brunsdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Geocomputation School of Environmental Sciences, National University of Ireland at Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Geocomputation School of Environmental Sciences, National University of Ireland at Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039202251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":719,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":775},"fwci":19.4386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98909881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"8","first_page":"1507","last_page":"1521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.6920715570449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6678330302238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.6249176263809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-data","display_name":"Open data","score":0.5877972841262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.5866484045982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5720087289810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4783063232898712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.4685944616794586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gis-and-public-health","display_name":"GIS and public health","score":0.42820072174072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.40307918190956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2744261622428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2736356258392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.19151660799980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17189297080039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15074297785758972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.6920715570449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6678330302238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.6249176263809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780535194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309901","display_name":"Open data","level":2,"score":0.5877972841262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.5866484045982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5720087289810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4783063232898712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.4685944616794586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104345477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5513523","display_name":"GIS and public health","level":3,"score":0.42820072174072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.40307918190956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2744261622428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2736356258392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.19151660799980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17189297080039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15074297785758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie:8049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/8049/1/CB_establishing%20GIS.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/8049/1/CB_establishing%20GIS.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401432","display_name":"Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","host_organization_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mural.maynoothuniversity.ie:8049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/8049/1/CB_establishing%20GIS.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/8049/1/CB_establishing%20GIS.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401432","display_name":"Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","host_organization_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1137579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1739732866","display_name":"Retail Business Datasafe","funder_award_id":"ES/L011840/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3832644438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/K007459/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4443314246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/L013800/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G613428414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/K004719/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6388599493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/L003546/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6743136952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/L011840/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510316655","https://openalex.org/W1520411860","https://openalex.org/W1526025733","https://openalex.org/W1538814795","https://openalex.org/W1549716303","https://openalex.org/W1562127884","https://openalex.org/W1578354671","https://openalex.org/W1592775138","https://openalex.org/W1835094479","https://openalex.org/W1963843280","https://openalex.org/W1977859620","https://openalex.org/W1979916898","https://openalex.org/W1980542048","https://openalex.org/W1988642806","https://openalex.org/W1993116423","https://openalex.org/W1997900290","https://openalex.org/W2001841448","https://openalex.org/W2002727222","https://openalex.org/W2019866696","https://openalex.org/W2053814546","https://openalex.org/W2060992986","https://openalex.org/W2069882368","https://openalex.org/W2097111276","https://openalex.org/W2098386505","https://openalex.org/W2104279568","https://openalex.org/W2109426455","https://openalex.org/W2112176043","https://openalex.org/W2112320611","https://openalex.org/W2116192265","https://openalex.org/W2117395782","https://openalex.org/W2120983913","https://openalex.org/W2123820077","https://openalex.org/W2126734269","https://openalex.org/W2128105693","https://openalex.org/W2131751710","https://openalex.org/W2136482257","https://openalex.org/W2139210474","https://openalex.org/W2169512394","https://openalex.org/W2299006754","https://openalex.org/W2492170527","https://openalex.org/W2494784882","https://openalex.org/W2512173100","https://openalex.org/W2549412929","https://openalex.org/W2615063356","https://openalex.org/W2765035225","https://openalex.org/W2911065655","https://openalex.org/W2988118903","https://openalex.org/W3123113859","https://openalex.org/W3124245976","https://openalex.org/W3124560715","https://openalex.org/W3124635110","https://openalex.org/W3125111961","https://openalex.org/W3125261728","https://openalex.org/W3125639972","https://openalex.org/W4229948576","https://openalex.org/W4230565185","https://openalex.org/W4249158531","https://openalex.org/W4255589644","https://openalex.org/W4298014426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317524524","https://openalex.org/W4376877853","https://openalex.org/W1493891899","https://openalex.org/W2896006854","https://openalex.org/W2552524391","https://openalex.org/W2475694835","https://openalex.org/W4250928611","https://openalex.org/W2000202590","https://openalex.org/W3030098408","https://openalex.org/W166480398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"conducting":[1],"research":[2],"within":[3],"a":[4,68,93],"framework":[5],"of":[6,14,63,70,96],"Geographic":[7,74],"Information":[8,75],"Science":[9],"(GISc),":[10],"the":[11,24,28,36,60],"scientific":[12,61],"validity":[13],"this":[15,97],"work":[16],"can":[17,39],"be":[18,41],"argued":[19],"as":[20],"highly":[21],"dependent":[22],"upon":[23],"extent":[25],"to":[26],"which":[27],"methods":[29],"employed":[30],"are":[31],"reproducible,":[32],"and":[33,54,78],"that,":[34],"in":[35,105],"strictest":[37],"sense,":[38],"only":[40],"fully":[42],"achieved":[43],"by":[44],"implementing":[45],"transparent":[46],"workflows":[47],"that":[48],"utilize":[49],"both":[50,71],"open":[51,72],"source":[52,73],"software":[53],"openly":[55,79],"available":[56,80],"data.":[57],"After":[58],"considering":[59],"implications":[62],"non-reproducible":[64],"methods,":[65],"we":[66],"provide":[67],"review":[69,95],"Systems":[76],"(GIS)":[77],"data,":[81],"before":[82],"describing":[83],"an":[84],"integrated":[85],"model":[86],"for":[87,102],"Open":[88],"GISc.":[89],"We":[90],"conclude":[91],"with":[92,100],"critical":[94],"embryonic":[98],"paradigm,":[99],"directions":[101],"future":[103],"development":[104],"supporting":[106],"spatial":[107],"data":[108],"infrastructure.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}