{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1773028378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1087001","title":"The Minkowski approach for choosing the distance metric in geographically weighted regression","display_name":"The Minkowski approach for choosing the distance metric in geographically weighted regression","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1773028378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1087001","mag":"1773028378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2015.1087001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1087001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023127879","display_name":"Binbin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-7560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","School of Remote Sensing and information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076679931","display_name":"Martin Charlton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-393X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Charlton","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland","National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland Maynooth , Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland Maynooth , Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082892178","display_name":"Chris Brunsdon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4254-1780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Brunsdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland","National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland Maynooth , Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland Maynooth , Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055094180","display_name":"Paul Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0259-4079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799553609","display_name":"Rothamsted Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0347fy350","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799553609","https://openalex.org/I2799693246","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799553609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023127879"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.1046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98492713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"351","last_page":"368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographically-weighted-regression","display_name":"Geographically Weighted Regression","score":0.7898693084716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minkowski-distance","display_name":"Minkowski distance","score":0.5905306339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5829253792762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5785890817642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minkowski-space","display_name":"Minkowski space","score":0.4908621907234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.44534602761268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.387349009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.36600643396377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34716999530792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24514079093933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.2307756543159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12436050176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11780419945716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.0947985053062439}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910321205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geographically Weighted Regression","level":2,"score":0.7898693084716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110765721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414361","display_name":"Minkowski distance","level":3,"score":0.5905306339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5829253792762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5785890817642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79464548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464794","display_name":"Minkowski space","level":2,"score":0.4908621907234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.44534602761268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.387349009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.36600643396377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34716999530792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24514079093933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.2307756543159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12436050176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11780419945716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0947985053062439}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2015.1087001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1087001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie:7850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/7850/1/MC_Minkowski.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/7850/1/MC_Minkowski.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401432","display_name":"Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","host_organization_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mural.maynoothuniversity.ie:7850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/7850/1/MC_Minkowski.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/7850/1/MC_Minkowski.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401432","display_name":"Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","host_organization_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3653064018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BB/J004308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4206280202","display_name":"\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u9065\u611f\u5f71\u50cf\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u8054\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41331175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7453033355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41401455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8728266261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Strategic Research Cluster grant (07/SRC/I1168)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963748797","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1976040724","https://openalex.org/W1976840258","https://openalex.org/W1980398988","https://openalex.org/W1984892485","https://openalex.org/W2002607717","https://openalex.org/W2005081231","https://openalex.org/W2022584702","https://openalex.org/W2041868040","https://openalex.org/W2047120335","https://openalex.org/W2058801639","https://openalex.org/W2058815839","https://openalex.org/W2060029502","https://openalex.org/W2061730269","https://openalex.org/W2064113873","https://openalex.org/W2076829584","https://openalex.org/W2083336903","https://openalex.org/W2084005892","https://openalex.org/W2085210969","https://openalex.org/W2089743085","https://openalex.org/W2091719480","https://openalex.org/W2094791243","https://openalex.org/W2098212684","https://openalex.org/W2109785413","https://openalex.org/W2110987058","https://openalex.org/W2118049491","https://openalex.org/W2147279463","https://openalex.org/W2148169128","https://openalex.org/W2158742424","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2588804983","https://openalex.org/W3021807464","https://openalex.org/W4231220500","https://openalex.org/W4240487006","https://openalex.org/W4245676998","https://openalex.org/W4248444943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2923595952","https://openalex.org/W763779893","https://openalex.org/W4288410327","https://openalex.org/W2027902126","https://openalex.org/W2902130904","https://openalex.org/W4241036446","https://openalex.org/W4360999186","https://openalex.org/W2414206945","https://openalex.org/W4226024638","https://openalex.org/W960999769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,46],"study,":[2],"the":[3,55,91,100,107,117],"geographically":[4],"weighted":[5],"regression":[6],"(GWR)":[7],"model":[8,31],"is":[9,22,42,51,69,113,121],"adapted":[10],"to":[11,34],"benefit":[12],"from":[13],"a":[14,25,39,48,63,72,84,95,103],"broad":[15],"range":[16],"of":[17,57,76,94,106],"distance":[18,27,40,60,86,110,119],"metrics,":[19],"where":[20],"it":[21],"demonstrated":[23],"that":[24,53],"well-chosen":[26,85],"metric":[28,41,61,87,120],"can":[29,88],"improve":[30,90],"performance.":[32],"How":[33],"choose":[35],"or":[36],"define":[37],"such":[38],"key,":[43],"and":[44,98],"in":[45],"respect,":[47],"\u2018Minkowski":[49],"approach\u2019":[50],"proposed":[52],"enables":[54],"selection":[56],"an":[58],"optimum":[59],"for":[62],"given":[64],"GWR":[65,96],"model.":[66],"This":[67],"approach":[68,101],"evaluated":[70],"within":[71],"simulation":[73],"experiment":[74],"consisting":[75],"three":[77],"scenarios.":[78],"The":[79],"results":[80],"are":[81],"twofold:":[82],"(1)":[83],"significantly":[89],"predictive":[92],"accuracy":[93],"model;":[97],"(2)":[99],"allows":[102],"good":[104],"approximation":[105],"underlying":[108],"\u2018optimal":[109],"metric\u2019,":[111],"which":[112],"considered":[114],"useful":[115],"when":[116],"\u2018true\u2019":[118],"unknown.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
