{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049726324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1031671","title":"Spatial optimization for regionalization problems with spatial interaction: a heuristic approach","display_name":"Spatial optimization for regionalization problems with spatial interaction: a heuristic approach","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049726324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1031671","mag":"2049726324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2015.1031671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1031671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074390966","display_name":"Kamyoung Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamyoung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography Education, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Korea","Department of Geography Education, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography Education, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography Education, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086426770","display_name":"Denis J. Dean","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis J. Dean","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109934353","display_name":"Hyun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Geography, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066484698","display_name":"Yongwan Chun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4957-1379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongwan Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066484698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88415934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"451","last_page":"473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11223","display_name":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7111412286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.6647381782531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6155751943588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5899927616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5511224269866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5152330994606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberinfrastructure","display_name":"Cyberinfrastructure","score":0.4916713833808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.486508309841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.46120256185531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.42261260747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3896934986114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35272789001464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25990232825279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21538102626800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11439147591590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.08742716908454895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7111412286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.6647381782531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6155751943588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5899927616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5511224269866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5152330994606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450531","display_name":"Cyberinfrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4916713833808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.486508309841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.46120256185531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.42261260747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3896934986114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35272789001464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25990232825279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21538102626800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11439147591590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.08742716908454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658816.2015.1031671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1031671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G515835287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2011-327-B00856","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56796163","https://openalex.org/W73629738","https://openalex.org/W1039778748","https://openalex.org/W1500661657","https://openalex.org/W1514648766","https://openalex.org/W1533459960","https://openalex.org/W1770140033","https://openalex.org/W1805763913","https://openalex.org/W1950516683","https://openalex.org/W1952692938","https://openalex.org/W1978554753","https://openalex.org/W1979906780","https://openalex.org/W1979951540","https://openalex.org/W1981241551","https://openalex.org/W1987662665","https://openalex.org/W1989807369","https://openalex.org/W1990867369","https://openalex.org/W1992947904","https://openalex.org/W1993549469","https://openalex.org/W1996914340","https://openalex.org/W1997324864","https://openalex.org/W2001106200","https://openalex.org/W2001929617","https://openalex.org/W2004617458","https://openalex.org/W2010964255","https://openalex.org/W2016443062","https://openalex.org/W2019204602","https://openalex.org/W2021566771","https://openalex.org/W2025756121","https://openalex.org/W2031432782","https://openalex.org/W2035833254","https://openalex.org/W2039568841","https://openalex.org/W2045216761","https://openalex.org/W2053441122","https://openalex.org/W2056151530","https://openalex.org/W2058529928","https://openalex.org/W2059068247","https://openalex.org/W2059835283","https://openalex.org/W2067344376","https://openalex.org/W2068136185","https://openalex.org/W2068625005","https://openalex.org/W2072383619","https://openalex.org/W2074934805","https://openalex.org/W2077960662","https://openalex.org/W2085925579","https://openalex.org/W2091545482","https://openalex.org/W2097415189","https://openalex.org/W2104670598","https://openalex.org/W2117746342","https://openalex.org/W2120095508","https://openalex.org/W2121427128","https://openalex.org/W2122448542","https://openalex.org/W2131054466","https://openalex.org/W2140431145","https://openalex.org/W2143719242","https://openalex.org/W2151515721","https://openalex.org/W2155911814","https://openalex.org/W2167257791","https://openalex.org/W2315666945","https://openalex.org/W2328052430","https://openalex.org/W2797381136","https://openalex.org/W4232466447","https://openalex.org/W4233225156","https://openalex.org/W4236543241","https://openalex.org/W4237578576","https://openalex.org/W4239888202","https://openalex.org/W4242806043","https://openalex.org/W4246524937","https://openalex.org/W4246598646","https://openalex.org/W4248849337","https://openalex.org/W4249612913","https://openalex.org/W4251018222","https://openalex.org/W4251139788","https://openalex.org/W4253206806","https://openalex.org/W4255355362","https://openalex.org/W4300849084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W273500195","https://openalex.org/W2043019925","https://openalex.org/W4236056781","https://openalex.org/W4399254454","https://openalex.org/W4293768956","https://openalex.org/W2773781927","https://openalex.org/W1999096178","https://openalex.org/W2184477657","https://openalex.org/W90628286","https://openalex.org/W2084470113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"optimization":[1,17,217],"techniques":[2],"are":[3,31,56],"commonly":[4],"used":[5],"for":[6,22,49,59],"regionalization":[7,201],"problems,":[8,28],"often":[9],"represented":[10],"as":[11,190],"p-regions":[12,27,50],"problems.":[13,38,202],"Although":[14],"various":[15,40],"spatial":[16,105,216],"approaches":[18,30,55],"have":[19,99],"been":[20],"proposed":[21],"finding":[23],"exact":[24],"solutions":[25,48,179],"to":[26,36,45,76,199,212],"these":[29],"not":[32],"practical":[33],"when":[34,219],"applied":[35],"large-size":[37],"Alternatively,":[39],"heuristics":[41],"provide":[42],"effective":[43],"ways":[44],"find":[46],"near-optimal":[47],"problem.":[51],"However,":[52],"most":[53],"heuristic":[54,68,161,193],"specifically":[57],"designed":[58],"particular":[60],"geographic":[61],"settings.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"a":[66,191,208],"new":[67],"approach":[69],"named":[70],"Automated":[71],"Zoning":[72],"Procedure-Center":[73],"Interchange":[74],"(AZP-CI)":[75],"solve":[77,213],"the":[78,114,126,130,135,163,204],"p-functional":[79],"regions":[80,85],"problem":[81],"(PFRP),":[82],"which":[83],"constructs":[84],"by":[86],"combining":[87],"small":[88],"areas":[89],"that":[90,156,188],"share":[91],"common":[92],"characteristics":[93],"with":[94,150,223],"predefined":[95],"functional":[96],"centers":[97],"and":[98,119,146,165,174],"tight":[100],"connections":[101],"among":[102],"themselves":[103],"through":[104],"interaction.":[106],"The":[107,138],"AZP-CI":[108,139,157,205],"consists":[109],"of":[110,125,170,176,181],"two":[111,147,159],"subprocesses.":[112],"First,":[113],"dissolving/splitting":[115],"process":[116],"enhances":[117],"diversification":[118],"thereby":[120],"produces":[121],"an":[122],"extensive":[123],"exploration":[124],"solution":[127,172],"space.":[128],"Second,":[129],"standard":[131],"AZP":[132,164],"locally":[133],"improves":[134],"objective":[136],"value.":[137],"was":[140],"tested":[141],"using":[142],"randomly":[143],"simulated":[144,166],"datasets":[145,149],"empirical":[148],"different":[151],"sizes.":[152],"These":[153],"evaluations":[154],"indicate":[155],"outperforms":[158],"established":[160],"algorithms:":[162],"annealing,":[167],"in":[168],"terms":[169],"both":[171],"quality":[173],"consistency":[175],"producing":[177],"reliable":[178],"regardless":[180],"initial":[182],"conditions.":[183],"It":[184],"is":[185,221],"also":[186],"noted":[187],"AZP-CI,":[189],"general":[192],"method,":[194],"can":[195],"be":[196,207],"easily":[197],"extended":[198],"other":[200],"Furthermore,":[203],"could":[206],"more":[209],"scalable":[210],"algorithm":[211],"computational":[214],"intensive":[215],"problems":[218],"it":[220],"combined":[222],"cyberinfrastructure.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}