{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038832804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903321321","title":"Exploring population spatial concentrations in Northern Ireland by community background and other characteristics: an application of geographically weighted spatial statistics","display_name":"Exploring population spatial concentrations in Northern Ireland by community background and other characteristics: an application of geographically weighted spatial statistics","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038832804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903321321","mag":"2038832804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658810903321321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903321321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031245283","display_name":"Christopher Lloyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-7793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. D. Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031245283"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98236316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"1193","last_page":"1221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.6896079778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.6290363073348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5587899684906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5040177702903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.49532952904701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4632524251937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.43709924817085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/official-statistics","display_name":"Official statistics","score":0.42832377552986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","score":0.41773420572280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.4123991131782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.38147473335266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.24958404898643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.23731952905654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17151778936386108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6896079778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6290363073348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5587899684906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5040177702903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.49532952904701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4632524251937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.43709924817085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198052957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7079603","display_name":"Official statistics","level":2,"score":0.42832377552986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.41773420572280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4123991131782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.38147473335266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24958404898643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.23731952905654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17151778936386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658810903321321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903321321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/7f6bf4ef-3897-461e-91c5-c2febe1e40e5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/7f6bf4ef-3897-461e-91c5-c2febe1e40e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lloyd, C 2010, 'Exploring population spatial concentrations in Northern Ireland by community background and other characteristics: an application of geographically weighted spatial statistics', International Journal of Geographical Information Science, vol. 24 (8), no. 8, pp. 1193-1221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903321321","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65282497","https://openalex.org/W74935743","https://openalex.org/W245169952","https://openalex.org/W412523498","https://openalex.org/W594503987","https://openalex.org/W608012659","https://openalex.org/W1504411337","https://openalex.org/W1527725251","https://openalex.org/W1599043334","https://openalex.org/W1605592858","https://openalex.org/W1896707853","https://openalex.org/W1979171622","https://openalex.org/W1979579723","https://openalex.org/W1992733778","https://openalex.org/W1996035595","https://openalex.org/W1999296654","https://openalex.org/W2007173174","https://openalex.org/W2009085849","https://openalex.org/W2011638639","https://openalex.org/W2014361522","https://openalex.org/W2024004909","https://openalex.org/W2028301171","https://openalex.org/W2035717656","https://openalex.org/W2038260321","https://openalex.org/W2052611179","https://openalex.org/W2070492483","https://openalex.org/W2072994584","https://openalex.org/W2076596567","https://openalex.org/W2076922992","https://openalex.org/W2078112764","https://openalex.org/W2083385266","https://openalex.org/W2086303923","https://openalex.org/W2107190551","https://openalex.org/W2108303460","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2131586477","https://openalex.org/W2143032577","https://openalex.org/W2147330627","https://openalex.org/W2148132360","https://openalex.org/W2148929755","https://openalex.org/W2153796345","https://openalex.org/W2161223741","https://openalex.org/W2163225015","https://openalex.org/W2166325326","https://openalex.org/W2168172529","https://openalex.org/W2339740280","https://openalex.org/W2478338686","https://openalex.org/W2520005185","https://openalex.org/W2600478734","https://openalex.org/W2608064076","https://openalex.org/W2766089453","https://openalex.org/W2798064095","https://openalex.org/W2931120382","https://openalex.org/W4234490618","https://openalex.org/W4245139676","https://openalex.org/W4246168342","https://openalex.org/W4255174918","https://openalex.org/W4299542564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122610352","https://openalex.org/W2639654520","https://openalex.org/W2373089435","https://openalex.org/W3119946964","https://openalex.org/W4281855511","https://openalex.org/W2612361796","https://openalex.org/W2336075499","https://openalex.org/W2372458450","https://openalex.org/W4313550291","https://openalex.org/W861384627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"on":[1,142,158,170,174],"how":[2,310],"populations":[3],"are":[4,154,181,205,350,382,396],"spatially":[5,70,183,273],"concentrated":[6,71],"by":[7,72,87,99,110,129,239,277],"different":[8,335,340],"characteristics":[9,44,223,395],"is":[10,39,69,78,166,263,272],"a":[11,19,73,79,130,162,171,241,300],"key":[12,261],"means":[13],"of":[14,21,27,45,50,66,75,82,123,132,216,236,243,255,257,358,416],"guiding":[15],"government":[16],"policies":[17],"in":[18,23,48,84,89,212,304,371,393],"variety":[20,242],"contexts,":[22],"addition":[24],"to":[25,33,41,62,167,248,264,268,317,321,413],"being":[26],"substantial":[28],"academic":[29],"interest.":[30],"In":[31,193,281],"particular,":[32],"reduce":[34],"inequalities":[35],"between":[36,144,149,229,330],"groups,":[37],"it":[38],"necessary":[40],"understand":[42],"the":[43,60,64,147,175,198,214,234,252,266,270,278,319,345,361,374,388,397,414],"these":[46,400],"groups":[47],"terms":[49],"their":[51,54,293],"composition":[52],"and":[53,114,117,225,325,328,338,399],"geographical":[55,124,341,391],"structure.":[56],"This":[57,231],"article":[58,93,232],"explores":[59],"degree":[61,267,320],"which":[63,196,269,322],"population":[65,95,194,222,271,394],"Northern":[67,90,258],"Ireland":[68],"range":[74,131],"characteristics.":[76,119],"There":[77],"long":[80],"history":[81],"interest":[83],"residential":[85],"segregation":[86],"religion":[88,104],"Ireland;":[91],"this":[92,202],"assesses":[94],"concentration":[96],"not":[97,182],"only":[98],"community":[100,294,363],"background":[101,295],"(\u2018religion":[102],"or":[103,146,296],"brought":[105],"up":[106],"in\u2019)":[107],"but":[108,365,379],"also":[109],"housing":[111],"tenure,":[112],"employment":[113],"other":[115,282,372],"socioeconomic":[116,302,324],"demographic":[118,326],"The":[120,307,385],"spatial":[121,133,336],"structure":[122],"variables":[125,327,332],"can":[126,314],"be":[127,315,402],"captured":[128,403],"statistics":[134,169,219,313],"including":[135],"Moran's":[136],"I.":[137],"Such":[138],"approaches":[139,153,238],"utilise":[140],"information":[141],"connections":[143],"observations":[145],"distances":[148],"them.":[150],"While":[151],"such":[152,237,331],"conceptually":[155],"an":[156],"improvement":[157],"standard":[159],"aspatial":[160],"statistics,":[161],"logical":[163],"further":[164],"step":[165],"compute":[168],"local":[172,406],"basis":[173],"grounds":[176],"that":[177,210,348,390],"most":[178],"real-world":[179],"properties":[180],"homogenous":[184],"and,":[185],"therefore,":[186],"global":[187],"measures":[188,247],"may":[189],"mask":[190],"much":[191],"variation.":[192],"geography,":[195],"provides":[197],"substantive":[199],"focus":[200],"for":[201,220,226],"article,":[203],"there":[204,349],"still":[206],"relatively":[207],"few":[208],"studies":[209],"assess":[211,265],"depth":[213],"application":[215],"geographically":[217,244,311],"weighted":[218,245,312],"exploring":[221,227],"individually":[224],"relations":[228,329],"variables.":[230,280],"demonstrates":[233,309],"value":[235],"using":[240,405],"statistical":[246],"explore":[249,318],"outputs":[250],"from":[251,360],"2001":[253],"Census":[254],"Population":[256],"Ireland.":[259],"A":[260],"objective":[262],"divided,":[274],"as":[275,419],"judged":[276],"selected":[279],"words,":[283],"do":[284],"people":[285,359],"cluster":[286],"more":[287],"strongly":[288],"with":[289,355,366],"others":[290,297],"who":[291,298],"share":[292],"have":[299],"similar":[301],"status":[303],"some":[305],"respect?":[306],"analysis":[308,386],"used":[316],"single":[323],"differ":[333],"at":[334,339],"scales":[337],"locations.":[342],"For":[343],"example,":[344],"results":[346],"show":[347],"regions":[351],"comprising":[352],"neighbouring":[353],"areas":[354,373],"large":[356],"proportions":[357],"same":[362],"background,":[364],"variable":[367],"unemployment":[368,380],"levels,":[369],"while":[370],"first":[375],"case":[376],"holds":[377],"true":[378],"levels":[381],"consistently":[383],"low.":[384],"supports":[387],"contention":[389],"variations":[392],"norm,":[398],"cannot":[401],"without":[404],"methods.":[407],"An":[408],"additional":[409],"methodological":[410],"contribution":[411],"relates":[412],"treatment":[415],"counts":[417],"expressed":[418],"percentages.":[420]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}